ORGAN. COMM FINAL (CHAP 13-14) WE DID IT JOEEEEEE

Power

The ability to influence others

Politics

The use of power and authority to influence organizational outcomes

Machiavelli’s view on Power

The strength of a leader’s power is measured by the degree to which he or she is independent of others and maintains domination.

Max Weber’s View on Power

Three points: Charismatic, Traditional, and Legal

Charismatic Power

Where power and control are derived from the personal magnetism of the power wielder

Traditional Power

Where power is granted through family lineage from one generation to the next

Legal Power

Rational; where laws and constitutional process create legitimate authority

Current Scholarly Convo. about Power

Relational constructs and Motivational Constructs

Relational Constructs

Where power is a function of the relative dependence or interdependence of the actors

Motivational Constructs

Which are found primarily in the psychology literature and based in the idea that “power and control are used as motivational and/or expectancy belief states that motivation is internal to individuals”

Sources of Power

Legitimate, Reward, Coercive, Expert, and Referent

Legitimate Power

Arises from people’s values and beliefs that someone has the right to exert influence over them and that they have an obligation to comply.

Reward Power

Is arising from our ability to reward other people for behaving as we want them to.

Coercive Power

Is based on our ability to apply sanctions or punishments for the failure of others to behave as we want them to.

Expert Power

Is drawn from having a special expertise that is needed or valued in an organization.

Referent Power

Depends on the degree to which others desire to have a relationship or identify with us.

Equalizing or Balancing Power for People who have Less Power

Decrease their needs

Increase their alternative sources

Increase other people’s needs

Decrease other people’s alternative sources

Negative Aspects of Power

Power can be abused

Power can be used in a manner that affects others’ sense of dignity and self respect

Abusive Power can interfere with employee job performance, goal attainments, and block deserved rewards

Positive Organizational Climate

Shared view of power

Inclusiveness

Connectedness

Excellence

Encompassing value system

Accountability

Political Skills Definition

The ability to effectively understand others at work, and to use such knowledge to influence others to act in ways that enhance one’s personal and/or organizational goals.

Kinds of Political Skills

Networking Skills

Benefits of Political Skills

Getting more promotions

Higher perceived career success

Perceived organizational mobility

Vision Statement

Defines the domain or the boundaries of an organization and describe what the organization is and what it’s not

Mission Statement

A statement of the organization’s purpose and reason for existence and provides the general direction for the organization and keeps all managers and employees in-sync.

Goals

Objectives that specify what needs to be achieved and when

Strategy

A comprehensive road map that states how a firm can reach its goals and achieve its mission within a set time frame.

Organizational Environment Definition

All the factors outside the organization that have the potential to affect it.

Organizational Environment Categories

1st: General Environment

2nd: Business Environment

Environmental Uncertainty

Rate of Change and Complexity of the Environment

Rate of Change

Refers to the speed at which various elements in the environment change

Complexity of the Environment:

Refers to the number of sectors an organization has to consider in the enactment process.

SWOT stands for

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats

What is SWOT?

An evaluation of the organization’s environment for opportunities and threats, often called environmental scan, and a consideration of how those match with the company’s internal strengths and weaknesses.

Managing Strategy

Managers evaluate the contextual strategic elements and then design strategies to take advantage of business opportunities.

Strategic Formulation

The process of forging a cohesive integrated set of strategies designed to deal with the environment and achieve the business mission and goals.

Strategy implementation

The actions the organization takes to execute the strategy it has formulated

Organizational Structure

Refers to the way human resources are organized to achieve the company’s mission.

Structure includes what questions?

WHO is responsible for WHAT

WHO reports to WHOM

HOW information moves up, down, and across the organization

Structure is central to

An organization’s effectiveness

Structural Types

Functional, Product/Divisional, Matrix, Hybrid

Functional Type

Group employees by their functional specialization

Product/Divisional Type

Groups people by the product or services they work on, or according to the geographic region.

Matrix Type

Uses in a flexible manner project teams that include both functional specialists and product or project specialists.

Hybrid Type

Has headquarters that provide several functions to all divisions. The divisions then specialize either by product or by region.