Minerals/Intrusive Igneous Rocks Quiz(2/4/26)

Pluton

solidified magma chamber

Batholiths

Large Pluton with significant surface exposure

Dikes

Cut across bedding(following fractures) Planar Structure

Sills

Along bedding planes planar structure parallel to layer

Phaneritic

-Course Grained

-Slow Cooling

-Intrusive rocks

Aphanitic

-Fine-Grained Texture

-Grained cannot be seen w/naked eye

-Quick Cooling

-Rocks erupted on the surface(or shallow intrusions)

Vesicular Texture

-Holes in the rock-vesicles

-Represent expanding gas bubbles

-Quick cooling preserved this shape

Felsic

SiO₂ rich

Light colored(White or Pink)

Intermediate

Light grey

Mafic

Fe, Mg rich

Dark(grey to black)

Ultramafic

Dark Minerals(Green)

Decomposition Melting

Def: When pressure reduce, rocks melt

-At upwelling locations

-Midocean ridges

-Hotspots

Flux Melting

Def: When water and other volute components

-Water and other volatile components are driven off of a sub ducting plate and get mixed into the mantle and cause melting in mantle wedge region

Precipitation

Ions come out of solution to form a solid

Crystallization

Minerals form during cooling

Metamorphism

New minerals due to heat or pressure

Weathering

New minerals form due to chemical reactions in the environment(hydrolosis)

Biological Process

Many organisms use ions from water to precipitate minerals