IMPERIALISM

sepoy

sepoy

An Indian soldier serving under British command.

viceroy

a governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. mostly the middle class

Muslim League

organization formed by muslims in 1906 to protect their interests against British Rule.

Mohandas Gandhi

A philosopher from India he was a spiritual and moral leader favoring India's independence from Great Britain.

What were the causes and effects of the Sepoy Rebellion (1857)? Why is this event called different names by different people?

Causes: rumor that troops' new rifle cartridges greased with cow and pig fat (cow=sacred to Hindus, pig=taboo to Muslims), British put them in prison Effects: British Parliament transferred powers to the British government from the East India Company, Queen Victoria took the title, Empress of India, India became the Queen's "Jewel in the Crown", helped fuel Indian nationalism

How did British rule impact India?

India both benefitted and was harmed by British colonialism Benefits: brought order and stability in political systems, led to a fairly honest and efficient government Non-benefits: a new school system was made but only served upper class Indians, Indians paid a high price for peace and stability, greatest cost was economic (Indians suffered a lot financially)

What motivated European nations in their attempts to exert control over West Africa and North Africa?

they got motivated by their raw materials especially peanuts, timber, hides, and palm oil all in west africa. they also profited from the slave trade. after slave trades died down more they were mostly interested in more trades

What impact did King Leopold II of Belgium have on the European scramble to colonize Africa?

king leopold II was the real driving force behind the colonization of Central Africa. He rushed enthusiastically into the pursuit of an empire in Africa

What role did Cecil Rhodes play in British imperialism in South Africa?

British policy in South Africa was influenced by Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes had founded diamond and gold mining companies that had made him a fortune.

Why did European imperialism spark African nationalism and who led these nationalism movements?

native people could only have low-paying jobs, some people lost their right to mine the natural resources of their own country. they stood up for a movement because they were mistreated

David Livingstone

david livingstone was a explorers, during his 30 years in africa he trekked through uncharted regions. he made notes about his travels

Henry Stanley

Henry Stanley had a strong dislike of Africa

Berlin Conference (1884-85)

To settle conflicting claims, European countries met at the Berlin Conference in 1884 and 1885. The conference Officially recognized both British and German claims for territory in East Africa.

Boers/Great Trek

Afrikaners—as the descendants of the original Dutch settlers were called—had occupied Cape Town and surrounding areas in South Africa since the seventeenth century

What were the economic, political, and cultural motives of 19th century European imperialism?

Raw materials Markets for finished goods Connection to industrializationIncrease patriotism Distraction from domestic tension European rivalries

Cecil Rhodes history ID

went to south africa in 1871, brought claims in the diamond fields and he bought the rights to others’ claims when they look promising, in 1889, became prime minister of Cape Colony,

Discuss the technologies which gave European imperialists such an advantage.

Letters were getting sent faster because of the steamships being more efficient with the Suez Canal Telegraphs

What factors led to the decline of the Qing dynasty?

Population growth, Poverty, Foreign powers

How did China respond to foreign influence and imperialism?

The nativist group launched a series of attacks against foreigners, Chinese Christians and complicit government officials.

What was the Revolution of 1911 and why was it significant?

a group of revolutionaries in southern China led a successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty, establishing in its place the Republic of China and ending the imperial system

How did Western influences impact Chinese society and culture?

Westerners introduced modern transportation and communications, created an export market, and integrated the Chinese market into the nineteenth century world economy

Opium War (1839-42)

British forces fought a war in China that benefitted drug smugglers

Treaty of Nanjing (1842)

treaty that ended the first Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers

extraterritoriality

In international law, extraterritoriality is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. Historically, this primarily applied to individuals, as jurisdiction was usually claimed on peoples rather than on lands

Taiping Rebellion (1850-64)

The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive rebellion and civil war that was waged in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Han, Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

spheres of influence

In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military or political exclusivity

Open Door Policy

The Open Door Policy is the United States diplomatic policy established in the late 19th and early 20th century that called for a system of equal trade and investment and to guarantee the territorial integrity of Qing China.

Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese statesman, physician, and political philosopher, who served as the first provisional president of the Republic of China and the first leader of the Kuomintang

General Yuan Shigai

Yuan Shikai was a Chinese military and government official who rose to power during the late Qing dynasty and eventually ended the Qing dynasty