7.6 WW1 - Home Front

obj: explain the causes and effects of international and internal migration patterns over time

what is a total war?

a war in which a country has to mobilize much of its economic, industrial, and social resources to win

what was the war industries board?

wartime agency that coordinated labor and management to keep factories producing war related materials (eg. arms, uniforms, etc.)

what was the food administration?

wartime agency led by Herbet Hoover to make sure food prod was sufficient for troops and ppl at home

what was the railroad administration?

wartime agency led by William McAdothat nationalized railroad system to ensure efficient wartime transportation

what was the national war garden commission?

private organization that encouraged ppl to grow war gardens (later renamed as victory gardens) to grow their own food and conserve resources

espionage act/sedition act

made it a crime to oppose the war effort

what was schennck v united states about?

schenck, part of socialist party, wrote papers encouraging young men to resist WWI draft

how did the supreme court rule regarding schenck v us?

ruled that freedom of speech is not absolute and does not apply when speech constitutes a “clear and present danger” (eg. shouting fire in a theater)

what was the committee of public information (CPI)?

led by George Creel, the CPI spread wartime propaganda (often Anti-German) to mobilize public opinion + often hired holllywood actors → made WWI appear as a war for democracy

eg. painted GE crossing Belgium to atk FR as barbarism b/c Belgium was neutral

selective service act of 1917

allowed govt to expand military thru conscription

what was the impact of the Spanish Flu?

the Spanish Flu killed 675K Americans → fed govt restricted info abt the death toll in order to prevent moral decreasing for WWI

who were “four minute men”?

ppl who appeared in between breaks on shows to talk abt news regarding the war + encourage ppl to buy war bonds

what was the Red Scare?

growing anti-communist sentiment + fear of communist infiltration esp. after the Russian Revolution

what were the effects of the Red Scare?

xenophobia + further immigration restrictions

what was the cause of the Palmer Raids?

there were bombs in 7 major territories, one of which was targeted on Attorney General Palmer → ppl believed this was an atk on capitalism

what were the Palmer Raids?

a series of raids arresting and deporting individuals suspected of radicalism → often targeted immigrants because it was not clear whether US rights extended to them

who were Sacco and Vanzetti?

two IT anarchists accused of killing a watchmen + executed

why was the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti controversial?

biased judge (v against anarchy) + biased jury (anti-Italian) + trial was rlly mroe abt being Italian + anarchy

what were the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and National Origins Act of 1924?

set quotas for accepting new immigrants v low

what was the Great Migration?

southern black ppl moved to urban industrial centers in the north

what were push factors of the Great Migration?

oppressive Jim Crow laws, restrictive voting rights

what were pull factors of the Great Migration?

northern cities (eg. NY + Chicago) had many new jobs available b/c ppl off to war + lost cheap immigrant labor due to immigration quotas

what was the reaction to the Great Migration?

northerners felt that their jobs were threatened by black migrants → race riots

what were the Tulsa Race Riots/Tulsa Massacre?

started when a white woman accused a black man of assaulting her → white mob tried to lynch man → mass destruction of black neighborhoods + killed 300 black ppl