Philosophical School of Thoughts

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts from the lecture notes on existentialism and pragmatism.

Existentialism

A philosophical theory emphasizing that existence precedes essence, asserting that individuals create their own meaning in an absurd universe.

Soren Kierkegaard

A philosopher who proposed that authentic choices arise from passion and intention, and identified three stages of life: aesthetic, ethical, and religious.

Nihilism

The belief that life is meaningless, famously advocated by Friedrich Nietzsche, who argued that all moral values are baseless.

Existence precedes essence

A central tenet of Sartre's philosophy stating that humans first exist and then define their essence through choices.

Being-in-the-world

Heidegger's concept that emphasizes the lived experience of individuals existing within the world.

Umwelt

Refers to how individuals perceive and engage with their environment through active participation.

Pragmatism

A philosophy that asserts reality is shaped by practical consequences and experiences, rejecting absolute truths.

Instrumentalism

John Dewey's view that theories are tools for action, validated by their practical applications and outcomes.

Dynamic truth

William James's belief that truth evolves and is determined by its relevance to human experiences.

Experience in epistemology

The assertion in pragmatism that all knowledge is derived from and dependent upon human experiences.

Axiology

The study of values, in pragmatism, which posits that values arise from human social conditions and their outcomes.

Self-discipline in education

Pragmatism promotes self-discipline in learners by providing a free and happy environment rather than imposing authority.

Quote by Rita Mac Brown

Good judgment comes from experience, which often comes from bad judgment.