Social Studies 9 - The Northwest - Mr. Macphee

Created by Kevin

The H.B.C (Notes)

Pierre Raddison and sieur des Groseillers

Traveled inland (close to hudsons bay) and found a new source of rich thick furs (1660's)

What happened when Pierre Raddison and sieur des groseilliers returned to quebec. And why

Put in jail and their furs were taken. They didnt have permission from the governor of new france

Where do Pierre Radisson and sieur Des groseillers take their discovery

England and King Charles II

What land does england claim

All land that is drained by rivers flowing into hudson bay

What does england name all land that is drained by rivers flowing into hudson bay

Ruperts land

Who is ruperts land named after

The kings cousin: prince rupert

H.B.C. Full name

The Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson Bay (May 6, 1670) (The Hudson Bay Company)

The HBC is given a __________ of furtrade in Ruperts land

Monopoly

Where do the HBC build their posts (factories)

Where Rivers enter hudson bay

Stay by the bay

HBC's way of buisness

What happens during spring for stay by the bay

Indigenous trappers bring furs to the posts & trade for goods

What happens in the Summer for stay by the bay

HBC ships sail to hudsons bay with more goods & pick up the furs and ship the furs to england

The Northwest (notes)

Who takes over the french fur trade when new france fell in 1763

American and scottish traders. Makes new company based in montreal (NWC 1783)

Northwest Company (NWC)'s way of buisness

Hired french canadian explorers/traders (voyageurs) to find a new source of fur

Where do the NWC Voyageurs travel

Indigenous communities in the west

Where do the NWC establish their main trade post outlet

Fort william (grande portage)

Where is fort william

West shore of lake superior

What did the NWC do that contrasted the HBC's stay by the bay policy

They went TO the indigenous traders and took alot of business from the HBC

Does the HBC change its stay by the bay policy

Ya. They move inland

Were the HBC and NWC best buddies

No. There was a fierce rivalry that often led to armed conflict

What was a main way the Metis were formed

The NWC and indigenous leaders encouraging its traders and indigenous women to mix with indigenous people and white people

The selkirk settlement (notes)

Thomas Douglas

5th earl of selkirk (scotland) (1799) that inherited a fortune

Who was thomas douglas sorry for

Scottish tenant farmers evicted from the land during the enclosures so the landowners could graze sheeps as wool was becoming more profitable than renting land to 'crofters'

Philanthropist

lover of humanity; person active in promoting human welfare

What did Thomas Douglas buy

Purchased land in Northern Ireland, PEI, and Upper Canada so Scottish farmers can settle. Also bought a majority of shares in the HBC & aquired a 300000 square kilometre track of land along the bank of the red & Assiniboine river (1810)

What was the 300000 km^2 track of land called and for

The Red River Colony. For dispaced scottish farmers

What did Thomas Douglas think the Red River Settlement could do

Disrupt NWC influence, supply HBC with food

What was the problem with the red river colony

The metis already lived there

Did the HBC and Metis (NWC) live in harmony

No. There were many conflicts

Battle of Seven Oaks

Robert Semple confronted Metis, metis split into 2 groups, distracted semple, lasted for 15 mins 21 HBC killed (including Semple), 1 Metis (NWC) killed. (June 1816)

What did london realise about the conflict between NWC AND HBC

It had to be resolved

What did the HBC and the NWC agree to (1821)

A merger

The new company would keep which company's name and why

HBC. Monopoly in ruperts land (now is largest fur trading company in the world) (Metis also lost their ally)

NWC _______ were given 51% of ______ in new HBC

Partners, Shares

What happened to most of the 51% of shares the the NWC had after 5 years

Sold them back to the HBC

Who is the new HBC's New governor

George Simpson

Red river settlement (notes)

how were the meits starting to get outnumbered in red river

by 1860, settlers began moving to red river from canada west looking for good farmland and the HBC moved away

what were most of the new settlers of red river members of

the orange order (from ontario)

orange order

Violently Anti-French, Anti-Catholic movement

who were the orange order led by

John Schultz & his Canadian party

what did the orange order want to do

drive metis off of red river

what style of farming did metis farmers use

french seigneurial style

how did metis view land ownership

indigenous view. whoever works the land, its their land

the HBC starts ___________ with the canadaian government for the sale of ___________ _________ (1867)

negotiating, Ruperts Land

are the metis consulted for the negotiation for the sale of ruperts land

no

what happens after canada buys ruperts land

land surveyors arrive to divide land to sale and settlement, disregarding metis seigneurial farm plots (didnt recognize metis ownership of land)

Red river rebellion (Notes)

Louis Riel was born where

Red River (1844)

Louis Riel was the oldest of how many children

11

who was louis riels dad

a well respected metis (french and ojibwa) elder

who was louis riels mom

from one of the oldest french families in red river

louis riel education

when he was 14, he went to montreal to study to become a priest, when was 20, his dad died so he left priest school and studied law

was louis riel happy in montreal

no

what does louis riel do when hes 24

returns to Red River (1868)

Metis national committee

formed to fight for metis rights

whos the leader of the Metis national committee

louis riel

who is the new governor of the Northwest territories (oct 1869)

William MacDougall

where does William MacDougall arrive

red river

what do the metis tell and do to William MacDougall

to go to back to ottawa, seize HBC fort garry & take their weapons & set up a provisional government (riel leader)

provisional government

A temporary government

what does riel want to do after he sets up a provisional government

negotiate with PM Macdonald

does Macdonald recognize riels leadership

no

what does riel do to Canadian party members for clashing with the metis

imprison

what does thomas scott do

threatens that he'll kill riel when he gets out of prison

what does riel charge thomas scott with

treason

how is thomas scott executed

firing squad

effect of thomas scotts execution (march 4th)

outrage in english canada, macdonald agrees to meet with a metis delagation in ottawa to end the uprising

____________ ______________ is leading the negotiation for the provincial status of ______________

Father Richot, Manitoba

manitoba is canadas _th province

5

what does macdonald do when maitoba is created

send in the army

what does riel do when macdonald sends in the army to maitoba

flee to usa

how many years is riel banished

5 years

The Manitoba Metis (notes)

The Manitoba Act

Passed in July 1870. Made manitoba the 5th province. Included all areas surrounding the red river settlement (244km wide & 176km long) (postage stamp province). Include many points from meits list of rights. English and French offical language. Government funds Protestant & catholic schools

What did canada not give manitoba control of

Crown lands

Every metis was given title for 160 ______ ___ _______

Acres of land (2 city blocks)

What were the metis given to get land

Script

Script

The thing the metis were supposed to give to the land title office in exchange for the deed to the land

Why did alot of the metis lose their land

The canadian government didnt explain how script worked and metis sold the script to land speculators not realizing that they were selling their land

Where did the metis move to after they had lost their land

Moved west on south Saskatchewan river

What was the settlement on south Saskatchewan river called

The St. Laurent Settlement

The NWT and the Treaty Process (notes) (some of ts stuff happens chronologically before The Manitoba Metis (notes))

Ruperts Land Act

Canada give the HBC $1.5mil for ruperts land (1868), Ruperts land becomes part of canada (NorthWest Territories (NWT)) (Dec 1 1869)

why did canada have to stop acting nonchalant with the NWT

because people were moving west into the NWT and US whiskey traders were causing trouble (canada had to take control)

what was created in the NWT to keep law and order and deal with the pesky whisky traders (1873)

The NorthWest Mounted Police (NWMP)

the Northwest Territories Act (1875)

Gave the NWT a lieutenant-governor & appointed council. town of over 1000 can create & elect their own governor

what was the Department of Indian affairs created to do

to begin talks with indigenous leaders to deal with the semi-nomadic people of the plains that were obstructing the governmnet from opening up the NW for settlement

why were the indigenous leaders staring to see a lifestyle change

white settlers moving into the west causing the bison to dissapear

how many treatys were signed between 1871-1877

7

what reigons were the 7 treatys covering

southern half of NWT to the rockies

what were the indidgenous peoples supposed to get in return for land

small pieces of land (reservation), Farming equipment, supplies & instruction in farming

did the canadian government want indigenous people to succeed as farmers and independant on the canadian government for survival

no

Indian Act (1876)

made to govern indigenous peoples for their lands. moved indigenous peoples to reservations (crown land set aside for indian use). Made to assimilate the indigenous peoples (make into european)

how did the indigenous people get assimilated of their culture

residential school

residential school

made to make indigenous people forget their language & culture, traditional practices were banned including the Potlach (Coast) and the sun dance (plains)

Residential Schools in Canada (notes)