Exam 2 materials

S-Curve

A model illustrating the adoption pattern of technology over time, showing phases of initial slow growth, rapid growth, and eventual leveling off.

Introduction Phase

The first stage of the S-Curve where high investment occurs with minimal performance improvements.

Growth Phase

The second stage of the S-Curve characterized by rapid performance improvements as knowledge accumulates.

Maturity Phase

The stage in the S-Curve where growth slows as technology reaches physical limitations.

Decline & Replacement Phase

The phase where new technologies emerge, leading to the formation of a new S-curve.

Dev Sahal

Proposed the S-curve model in technology innovation, showing the pattern of technological progress over time.

Disruptive Technologies

Technologies that significantly alter existing operations, often making established solutions obsolete.

The CIA Triad

The core principles of cybersecurity comprising Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

Confidentiality

A principle of cybersecurity ensuring that data is accessible only to authorized individuals.

Integrity

A principle that ensures data remains unchanged during transmission and prevents unauthorized modifications.

Availability

A principle ensuring that data is accessible to authorized users when needed.

The RITE Model

An extension to the CIA triad focusing on Responsibility, Integrity (of people), Trust, and Ethicality in security.

Internal Threats

Cybersecurity risks stemming from employees, accounting for about 80% of security breaches.

Personal Factors

Individual motivations, such as financial distress, that may lead employees to commit security violations.

Work Situations

Circumstances where disgruntled employees may engage in cybercrimes due to dissatisfaction with work conditions.

Opportunistic Factors

Situations where employees exploit security gaps or broken processes for personal gain.

Managing Internal Cybersecurity Threats

Strategies to identify early warning signs and mitigate risks from internal sources.

Proactive Measures

Regular audits, security training, access restrictions, and creating an ethical culture to prevent internal threats.

Digital Wallets

Technologies that allow users to store and manage their money electronically, though early versions faced market readiness issues.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

An interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators.

E-commerce

Buying and selling goods or services using the internet, which has disrupted traditional retail models.

An example of Disruptive Technology

Ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft that changed transportation paradigms.

The Importance of Timing in Technology Introduction

Technologies must be introduced when existing solutions reach maturity for successful adoption.

Hybrid Work Models

Flexibility in working arrangements blending in-office and remote work options.

Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity

Using AI and machine learning to enhance security measures and detect threats.

Organizational Rigidity

The tendency of established firms to resist change, hindering their adaptation to disruptive technologies.

Cloud Security Governance

Managing security measures for cloud-based platforms to prevent data breaches.

Non-Repudiation

Ensure individuals cannot deny their actions in digital communications, essential for accountability.

Authenticity in Cybersecurity

Verifying that data received is genuine and comes from a trustworthy source.

Responsibility Structures in Cybersecurity

Defining clear roles and accountability within organizations to enhance security posture.

Software Piracy

The unauthorized use, distribution, or reproduction of software, leading to significant economic losses.

Psychological Traits of Insider Threats

Traits such as narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism often associated with malicious insiders.

Sustaining Innovations vs. Disruptive Innovations

Sustaining innovations improve existing technologies, while disruptive innovations create new markets.

Business Model Transformation

Changing the way a company delivers value to customers, often driven by digital technologies.

Market Cannibalization

When a new product negatively impacts the sales of the company’s existing products.

Customer-Centric Innovation

Focusing on customer needs and experiences to drive product development and business strategies.

Technological Discontinuities

Significant changes in technology that disrupt established practices and lead to new approaches.

Case Study of Mondex

An example of a failed disruptive technology; an electronic wallet that was too early for market acceptance.

Human Error in Cybersecurity

Mistakes made by individuals that expose organizations to security vulnerabilities.

Ethical Use of IT

Practices that ensure technology is used responsibly, respecting privacy and intellectual property rights.

Social Responsibility in Technology

The obligations of businesses to use technology ethically and responsibly, addressing privacy and accessibility.

Enron Scandal

A corporate governance scandal involving the collapse of Enron and its impact on financial regulations.

Machine Learning in Security

Utilizing algorithms and data analytics to identify and mitigate security threats more effectively.

Digital Divide

The gap between those who have easy access to digital technology and those who do not.

Organizational Culture and Cybersecurity

The shared values and practices in an organization that can significantly influence its security posture.

Market Adoption S-Curve

A representation of how new products are adopted over time, mirroring technology S-Curves.

S-Curve Management Strategies

Approaches to effectively transition between different technology cycles to ensure sustained growth.

CISO Responsibilities

The role of the Chief Information Security Officer in overseeing information security strategy and governance.

Disaster Recovery Planning

The process of creating systems of prevention and recovery to deal with potential disasters.

The Impact of Monetization in Cybercrime

How financial incentives drive individuals to engage in criminal activities online.

Cloud Security Incident Examples

Past incidents where cloud services were compromised, leading to significant data breaches.

Cybersecurity in Remote Work

The unique challenges and vulnerabilities facing organizations as employees work from remote locations.

Data Privacy Laws

Legislations designed to protect personal data from misuse and ensure individuals' privacy.

Community Engagement in Cybersecurity

Involving stakeholders and the public in promoting secure practices and awareness of cybersecurity threats.

The Role of HR in Cybersecurity

Human resources' involvement in fostering a safe workplace and respecting employee privacy.

Looping Back to the Security Enhanced Model

Continuous improvement in security measures based on emerging threats and past experiences in cybersecurity.

The Need for Ethical Cybersecurity Practices

Advocating for responsible approaches to cybersecurity that prioritize both security and individual rights.

User Education in Cybersecurity

Training employees and users to recognize threats and practice safe online behaviors.