Unit 3 APHG

Acculturation

Cultural modifications due to intercultural borrowing, often involving changes in an indigenous culture from a more advanced culture.

Assimilation

The process where immigrants merge into mainstream society over time, losing cultural traits.

Buddhism

Universalizing religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama in India 2500 years ago.

Centrifugal Forces

Forces within a state causing division among its populations.

Centripetal Forces

Forces within a state promoting unity among its populations.

Christianity

Universalizing religion originating from Jesus in the Middle East around 30 C.E.

Colonialism

Subjugating one group to another through resettlement while maintaining allegiance to the home country.

Contagious Diffusion

Spread of a phenomenon through direct contact between individuals.

Creolization

Borrowing of ideas between cultures, often seen in language borrowing.

Cultural Convergence

Adoption of cultures by distant groups due to increased interactions.

Cultural Divergence

Cultures becoming less similar due to resistance or lack of interaction.

Cultural Landscape

Visible representation of values, fears, and technologies in a place.

Cultural Relativism

Understanding beliefs based on the context of the culture.

Culture

Shared behaviors, beliefs, and material possessions of a group.

Cultural Norms

Unspoken rules of society transmitted through conformity, including laws, folkways, mores, and taboos.

Dialects

Language variants based on pronunciation, spelling, and grammar.

Ethnic Cultures

Cultures based on common ancestry, homeland, and traditions.

Ethnic Neighborhoods

Communities where people of similar origin reside by choice.

Ethnic Regions

Spaces shared by ethnic groups through homelands or migration.

Ethnicity

Common ancestry, homeland, and cultural traditions.

Ethnocentrism

Judging other cultures based on one's own moral values.

Expansion Diffusion

Rapid spread of a phenomenon from its origin.

Folk Culture

Small, stable, isolated groups with homogeneous customs.

Gender

Sociocultural attitudes shaping behaviors for individuals.

Gender Roles (Gender Norms)

Cultural attitudes about appropriate behaviors for genders.

Globalization

Expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes globally.

Hearth

Location where an innovation originates.

Hierarchical Diffusion

Spread of ideas from authority to less authoritative places.

Hinduism

Ethnic religion originating in India.

Imperialism

Dominance of one group over another through various means.

Indigenous Communities

Groups living in a location before colonization.

Indo-European

Language family with a wide geographic spread.

Islam

Universalizing religion originating in Mecca.

Judaism

Ethnic religion originating in Southwest Asia.

Land Use Patterns

Various forms of land use based on cultural beliefs.

Language

System of communication understood by a group.

Language Families

Related languages with a common ancestor.

Lingua Franca

Mutually understood language for communication.

Multiculturalism

Co-existence of diverse cultures.

Popular Culture

Widespread culture in heterogeneous societies.

Postmodern Architecture

Reaction to modern architecture, featuring historical styles.

Religion

Organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere.

Relocation Diffusion

Spread of ideas through physical movement.

Sequent Occupancy

Successive societies leaving cultural imprints on a place.

Sikhism

Universalizing religion originating in India.

Stimulus Diffusion

Spread of an idea adjusted for local customs.

Syncretism

Blending of different cultural beliefs to create new forms.

Toponyms

Place names reflecting the culture of the inhabitants.

Trade

Exchange of goods and services between parties.

Traditional Architecture

Indigenous architecture based on local resources.

Universalizing Religions

Religions appealing to all people with wide distribution.

Urbanization

Growth in the number of people living in cities.

World Religions

Religions attempting to appeal to all people globally.

Artifacts

Visible objects and technologies created by a culture.

Sociofacts

Structures influencing social behavior in a culture.

Mentifacts

Enduring elements reflecting shared ideas, values, and beliefs.

Lingua Franca

Language combining words from multiple languages for communication.

Pidgin

Language developed between groups with no common language.

Creole Language

Primary language formed by combining two or more languages.

Cultural Imperialism

Dominance through the intentional imposition of cultural values.

Cultural Nationalism

Nationalism defining a nation by shared culture.

Cultural Syncretism

Blending of different cultural beliefs to create new forms.