STUDY GUIDE P 3

A major complication of persistent GERD is __________.

Barrett’s esophagus

A hallmark symptom of IBS is abdominal pain relieved by __________.

bowel movement

Liver phagocytic cells that remove bacteria are called __________ cells.

Kupffer

Hepatitis A is transmitted via the __________ route.

oral-fecal

Hepatitis B is transmitted by __________ and caused by a DNA virus.

all bodily fluids

The most common cause of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis is Hepatitis __________.

Hepatitis C

Match pleural effusions: Lymph = __________,

Blood = __________,

Pus = __________,

Serous = __________.

Lymph = Chylothorax

Blood = hemothorax

Pus = Empyema (Pyothorax)

Serous = Hydrothorax

Oxygen saturation is monitored by __________.

pulse oximeter

Pulmonary fibrosis causes decreased lung __________.

compliance

The best position to ease dyspnea is __________ position.

……..

Orthopnea means inability to breathe while __________.

lying flat (recumbent)

Bluish skin and mucous membranes is called __________.

cyanosis

The conducting airways do NOT perform __________ exchange.

gas

The lungs regulate __________ substances and store __________.

acid-base balance (or blood pH/carbon dioxide levels)…… store blood (blood volume)

Hypoxia in lung tissue below 60 mmHg causes pulmonary __________.

vasoconstriction

Ventilation is defined as movement of __________ into and out of the lungs.

air

The __________ is the 'watchdog' of the respiratory system.

larynx

Gas exchange occurs in the __________.

alveoli of the lungs

The collapsing pressure of alveoli is called __________.

alveolar surface tension

Peripheral chemoreceptors sense changes in blood __________ levels.

………..

Chemoreceptors increase ventilation when PO2 drops below __________ mmHg.

60

COPD patients rely on low __________ as a stimulus for breathing.

oxygen (or partial pressure of oxygen/PaO2) levels 

The most common cold virus is __________.

rhinovirus

Pneumonia always causes a productive cough. (True/False) __________

false

The most common cause of atelectasis is a __________ plug.

mucus

The most common cause of pneumonia is __________.

bacteria

The respiratory zone includes alveoli, ducts, and bronchioles but not ________.

terminal bronchioles

Wheezing in asthma is due to airway _______.

narrowing

Emphysema patients are called _____ puffers.

pink

Respiratory failure causes hypoxemia and ______.

hypercapnia (or hypercarbia)

In COPD, O2 should be kept low because high O2 may remove the drive to breathe, so leave O2 at ______ liter.

88-92%