The Civil Rights Movement

Voting activist who spoke for mississippi democratic freedom party

Fannie hamer

First African American-Supreme Court Justice

Marshall

Site of showdown over school desegration

little rock

Freedom Summer activists encouraged African Americans to

vote

Mass demonstration in washington in 1963

March on Washington

Black student who integrated University of Mississippi

Merideth

Location of organized bus boycott

Montgomery

Segregation by practice and custom

defacto

Neighborhood in Los Angeles where race riots erupted

Watts

South African system of racial segregation

apartheid

Segregation by law

deivre

Civil rights leader assassinated in 1968

Martin Luther king

Student protest organization

student nonviolent coordinating committee(SNCC)

Civil rights activists on interstate buses

Freedom riders

Police commissioner of Birmingham

Connor

Commission that studied urban violence

kerner

Term for nonviolent resistance used by martin Luther King Jr:

Soul

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Sclc

Saudi Arabia destination that radically changed Malcom X's thinking

Mecca

Supreme Court decision that upheld "seperate but equal" railroad accommodations

Plessy

Muslim Minister who intially preached blank superiority and seperatism

Malcolm X

Supreme Court decision that declared segregation of public schools unconstitutional

Brown

24th Ammendment outlawed this type of tax

Poll tax

CRA 1964

ended segregation and Jim Crow laws in public accomodations

CRA 1965

ended barriers to vote

CRA 1968

ending housing discrimination

Malcom X

Civil rights activist and prominent figure in the fight for African American rights, known for his advocacy for black nationalism and self-defense.

“white flight”

The phenomenon where white residents move away from neighborhoods as African American families move in, contributing to racial segregation and economic disparity.

Freedom Summer

A 1964 campaign aimed at increasing voter registration among African Americans in Mississippi, highlighting racial injustice.

Freedom Riders

Activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 to challenge racial discrimination and promote civil rights.

Gov. Orval Faubus

Governor of Arkansas known for his opposition to school desegregation, specifically the Little Rock Nine incident in 1957.

Southern Manifesto

A document issued in 1956 by legislators from Southern states opposing the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision, advocating for the continuation of racial segregation.

Emmet Till Murder

The 1955 murder of a 14-year-old African American boy in Mississippi, which became a pivotal event in the civil rights movement, highlighting racial violence and injustice.

Why now?

WW2 and Korean war caused desegregated respected heroes to come home. The Cold War in which Communists could use Amerićas racism. Television which shows racial violence and civil rights struggles to a national audience, raising awareness and prompting action.

de jure segregation

segregation by law (e.g Jim crow laws)