WEEK 6- FLUIDS

What types of fluid do we have in our bodies?

Extracellular, intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular

Sodium is found more in what fluid?

Extracellular fluid

Potassium is found more in what fluid

Intracellular

Deficient fluid volume is called

Hypovolemia or dehydration

Vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, and sweating can cause

Hypovolemia

What happens to BP with decrease in body’s fluid volume?

decreases

What happens to HR with decrease in bodys fluid volume?

Increases

• Refusal to drink for fear of incontinence

• Dementia or delirium

• Decreases sense of thirst with age

• Multiple meds, often diuretics

• frality

• reliance of other to supply fluids

Why elders are at greater risk of dehydration

Too much fluid volume would be called?

Hypervolemia

Tongue fissures, high concentration of urine, increased tenting, and Headaches are all a sign of what?

Dehydration

When should you weigh a patient?

In the morning, on the same scale you used before, and after voiding

Symptoms of fatigue, headache, dizzy, loss of skin or tongue fissures, hypotension, tachycardia, and dark urine represent…

Deficient fluid volume

Symptoms of edema, distended neck veins, abnormal lung sounds, tachycardia, increased bp, increased urine output, and increased weight would represent…

Hypervolemia

Where does fluid go when there is an excess?

Third spaces (ex: plural effusion, peritoneal *Ascites)

Excess fluid volume leads to deficit in what volume?

Extracellular fluid

Isotonic solutions

Same concentration as blood

D5W, 0.9 NS, and lactated ringers

Isotonic solutions

5% Dextrose water

D5W (isotonic solution)

0.9 NS

Used to treat hypovolemia (isotonic solution)

When are higher solutes used

If sodium of pt is low

The isotonic solution Lactated Ringers is used for what type of pt’s

Burn pt’s when they need fluid replenishment or those undergoing surgery due to its balanced electrolyte composition.

Fluid restriction daily should be

1500-2000 ml per day

Sodium mg / day

2000 mg per day

Maintain specific urine gravity of…

1.010- 1.025

Normal urine output is…

1 ml/kg/hr

.45% Sodium chloride treats what?

Hypernatremia due to dehydration

3-5% sodium chloride is administered when?

When sodium is low

D10W is administered when

the patient requires supplemental dextrose.