3. Cerebellum

Label the cerebellar peduncles and name the structure they attach to in the brainstem

Superior: Midbrain

Middle: Pons

Inferior: medulla

Label the cerebellar lobes

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What are the 3 functional divisions of the cerebellum

• Spinocerebellar

• Cerebrocerebellar

• Vestibulocerebellum

What nucleus is located in the cerebellum

Cerebrocerebellum

• Region of the cerebellum

• Lateral Nuclei

• Input

• Output

• Function

• Region: Hemispheres

• Lateral Nuclei: Dentate nuclei

• Input: CONTRALATERAL Cerebral Cortex indirectly from pons via middle cerebellar peduncle

• Output: CONTRALATERAL Red Nucleus of Midbrain via superior cerebellar peduncle

• Function: MOTOR PLANNING; fine skilled movement

What nerve communicates with the cerebellum?

CN 8 Vestibulocochlear

Vestibulocerebellum

• Region of the cerebellum

• Input

• Output

• Function

• Flocconodular lobe

• Input: vestibular nuclei and nerve

• Output: vestibular and reticular nuclei, giving rise to Vestibulospinal and Reticulospinal tract

• Function: Balance, Movements of arms, eyes and head

Spinocerebellar

• Region of the cerebellum

• Lateral Nuclei:

• Input

• Output

• Function

• Region: Vermal and paravermal

• Nuclei: Fastigial, globose, emboliform

• Input: cerebral cortex

• Output: UMN’s

• Function: Motor Execution

Name the output of the cerebellar peduncles:

• Superior

• Middle

• Inferior

• Superior

  • OUTPUT: contralateral to red nucleus and thalamus

• Middle

  • INPUT: contralateral from pons

• Inferior

  • INPUT:

    • ipsilateral from spinal cord

    • both from reticular and vestibular systems

    • contralateral from olivary nucleus

  • OUTPUT: to vestibular and reticular systems

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Blood Supply to the Cerebellum is done by 3 arteries

• Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)

• Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)

• Superior Cerebellar Artery

Functions of Cerebellum Areas

Cerebellum Tonsilar Herniation

• How does it occur?

• What can it result in?

• Symptoms?

• Tonsils of the cerebellum enlarge through foramen magnum

• Results in blockage of flow of CSF through 4th ventricle, resulting in hydrocephalus

• Pressure on cerebellum and medulla (which leads to cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 and 12 invlvement)

3 Functions of the Cerebellum and link them to the symptom resulting from damage

• Maintenance of posture and balance (Vestibulocerebellum) → Disequilibrium

• Maintenance of Muscle tone (cerebrocerebellum) → Hypotonia

• Coordination of voluntary motor activity (spinocerebellum) → Dyssynergy

What is the difference between basal ganglia disorders and cerebellar disorders?

• Basal ganglia disorders are characterized by meaningless involuntary movements such as resting tremors

• Cerebellar Disorders are characterized by awkwardness of intentional movements such as intention tremors

General cerebellar dysfunction results in ipsilateral or contralateral damage?

Ipsilateral

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