Endocrine system. ap exam 1

endocrine

hormone is secreted directy into blood/body fluids

ADH

antidiuretic hormone, water saving hormone

anterior pituitary gland

bigger lobe, secretes specific hormones, this is controlled by rh's and ih's form hypothalamus

posterior pituitary gland

smaller lobe, receives ADH and oxytocin form hypothalamus, releases hormones after receiving action potential.

OT

oxytocin, birth and milk ejection hormone

GH

growth hormone, functions during development and childhood

MSH

melanocyte stimulating hormone, promote melanin production

Prl

prolactin , stimulates and maintains milk production

PTH

parathyroid hormone, stimulate osteoclasts when too little Ca is detected

adrenal cortex

outer region of kidney which produces various steroid hormones

adrenal medulla

center region kidney which produces the amines

Mineralocorticoids

steroid hormone made by adrenal cortex

Glucocorticoïdes

steroid hormone made by adrenal cortex

adrenal sex hormones

steroid hormone made by adrenal cortex

aldosterone

the Na saving and K extreting hormone

cortisol

primary stress hormone, raises blood glucose by breaking down lipids, proteins and glucose

pancreas

alpha cells produce glucagon and beta cells produce insulin

insulin

protein that lowers glucose levels

glucagon

makes glucose level higher

type 1 DM

causes by autoimmune destruction beta cells, treated with insulin injections (20% of DM)

type 2 DM

causes by obesity, inactivity, age and genetics (80% of DM)

hypoglemia

low glucose levels, treat via diet and management of insulin

pineal gland

main hormone is melatonin, involved in sleep, 24 hour clock, seasonal changes

melatonin

hormone that plays role in sleep-awake cycle