Latin American Quiz

what country was in charge?

spain

Why did colonies want to break away?

colonial rule, economic exploitation, social inequality, and the influence of Enlightenment ideas advocating for liberty and self-governance.

Why did the Creoles lead the revolutions?

because they felt marginalized by the Spanish-born Peninsulares and sought to gain political power and social status.

How did Napoleon’s invasion of Spain influence independence movements in Latin America?

weakened Spanish authority, creating a power vacuum that allowed colonies to challenge colonial rule and assert their desire for independence.

Who was in the pyramid?

peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Indigenous peoples, and enslaved Africans at the bottom.

Peninsulares

Spanish-born individuals who held the highest positions

Creoles

Descendants of Europeans born in the Americas, who were often wealthy but lacked political power.

Mestizos

Individuals of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry, who occupied a middle social status.

Indians / Indigenous

The native populations, often marginalized and subjected to harsh treatment.

Africans

Brought to the Americas for labor, they faced severe oppression and had no rights.

Simon Bolivar

The Liberator," he led campaigns across northern South America, advocating for independence from Spanish rule.

Jose martin

key figure in the Cuban independence movement, fought for freedom from Spanish colonialism and promoted democratic ideals.

Father Miguel Hidalgo

Initiated the Mexican War of Independence with his "Grito de Dolores," calling for an end to Spanish rule.

Father Jose Morelos

Continued Hidalgo's work, focusing on social reforms and the establishment of a government representing the people.

Iturbide

a royalist, he later switched sides and played a crucial role in Mexico's independence, eventually becoming its emperor.

Vincente Guerrero

A leader in the Mexican War of Independence, he fought for equality and justice for all social classes.

What class took over after the revolutions?

the Creole class took over political power in most Latin American countries.

How were the goals of the Creoles different from the Mestizos and Indians?

Creoles primarily sought political power and social status, while Mestizos and Indigenous peoples aimed for broader social reforms, including land rights and equality

What kind of government did the Latin American countries have?

republicanism and authoritarianism.

Explain the significance of El Grito de Dolores.

proclaimed by Father Miguel Hidalgo, marked the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence and symbolized the fight against oppression and the call for social justice.

How was the Mexican revolution different from the Haitian Revolution?

The Mexican Revolution was primarily a struggle against colonial rule and social inequality, while the Haitian Revolution was a successful slave revolt that led to the first independent Black republic.

How was the Mexican revolution different from the Brazilian Revolution?

The Mexican Revolution involved a violent struggle for independence and social reform, whereas the Brazilian Revolution was relatively peaceful, resulting in independence without significant conflict.

Who owned Haiti?

owned by France, which exploited its resources and enslaved its population for sugar and coffee production.

Why was it valuable?

Haiti was valuable due to its lucrative sugar plantations, which generated immense wealth for France

What was life like for most of the people?

Most people in Haiti lived in poverty and faced harsh conditions, particularly enslaved individuals who endured brutal labor on plantations.

What was the influence of the French Revolution and Enlightenment on the Haitian Revolution?

inspired the Haitian Revolution by promoting concepts of liberty, equality, and the rights of individuals, motivating enslaved people to fight for their freedom.

Aftermath, explain why Haiti is so poor.

historical exploitation, political instability, natural disasters, and ongoing economic challenges that hinder development.

What type of government did Haiti have for 30 years, and what was its effect?

unstable governments, including dictatorships, which led to political repression, economic mismanagement, and social unrest

Toussinat Lovurture

A former enslaved person who became a leader of the Haitian Revolution, known for his military and political acumen in fighting for Haiti's independence from French colonial rule.

Jean Jacques

French philosopher whose ideas influenced the Enlightenment, particularly concerning education, freedom, and the social contract.