American History Semester 2 Final Exam

What is nativism

Prejudice against foreign born people

What was the 13th amendment

Abolished slavery

What was the 14th amendment

Made all persons born in the U.S. a citizen, and provided equal protection of the law with life, liberty, and property

What was the 15th amendment

No one can be kept from voting due to race, color, or previous condition of servitude

What was the 18th amendment

Started Prohibition

What was the 19th amendment

Let women vote

What was the 21st amendment

Ended Prohibition

In order to override a presidential veto, how much of a vote must Congress have

⅔

What is popular sovereignty

The right of residents to vote for or against slavery

During Reconstruction what was done to try and prevent African Americans (freed slaves) from voting

Literacy tests, Poll tax, and Grandfather Clause

What happened to the price of cotton following the Civil War and Reconstruction

Price drops significantly

What Scottish immigrant made a fortune off the steel industry here in America

Andrew Carnegie

What was the Sherman Antitrust Act

Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade and prohibited monopolies that hindered competition

What was the main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act

Banned entry of Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials

What was the main goal of the Americanization Movement

To assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into American culture

What was the name of the main immigration processing station in San Francisco

Angel Island

Who was the only president to serve 2 nonconsecutive terms as president

Grover Cleveland

What was the primary goal of the NAACP

Wanted full equality among the races

Who was one of the main founders of the NAACP that believed blacks should immediately join the mainstream society

W.E.B. Du Bois

Who expressed the belief that racism would end as blacks acquired practical work skills and provided their economic value to society

Booker T. Washington

What were grandfather clauses used for in the South

To prevent freed slaves from being able to vote

What were Jim Crow laws

Laws in Southern states that promoted segregation

Why were Southern blacks being lynched in the early 1900s

They were expected to follow race etiquette, meant to belittle and humiliate them. Those that did not follow them could be severely punished or killed

What did the Supreme Court decide in Plessy v. Ferguson

Ruled separation of races was legal and did not violate 14th amendment

What was the name of the watchdog group that was given the power to stop unfair business practices

Federal Trade Commission

What did “Remember the Maine!” become a rallying cry for

Spain blowing up theUS ship called the Maine

What is Progressivism

Reform efforts to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life

What was the name of the muckraking journalist that exposed the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry in America

Upton Sinclair

Whose assassination leads to Theodore Roosevelt becoming president

William McKinley

What did prohibitionists wanted to accomplish

Ban Alcoholic Beverages

Which countries and territories came under U.S. control after the Spanish American War

Guam in Pacific and Puerto Rico in West Indies (Philippines sold to US for 20M)

What was the Open Door Policy and how did it benefit the U.S.

Addressed to imperialist nations proposing the U.S. should have trading rights in China. Stopped others from getting a Monopoly on China

What are some of the causes of WWI

Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism

Why was daylight savings time instituted for

To conserve fuel

What in WWI was the resulted from the Selective Service Act

Required men to register with govn’t to be randomly selected for military service

What are reparations

Pay for war damages

Why did the U.S. Senate oppose U.S. membership in the League of Nations

It would force the US to get involved with conflicts overseas, and ruin their state of always being an Isolationist

Which policy had the U.S. been following that had kept it out of WWI for 3 years

Neutrality

What were the Espionage and Sedition Acts were during WWI and their effect on free speech

Allowed anyone who interfered with war or said anything disloyal about the govn’t or war effort, to be fined or imprisoned

What is a U boat

German Submarine

Who was the president of the United States throughout WWI

Woodrow Wilson

What treaty ended WWI

Treaty of Versailles

What was the Great Migration and who was involved

Large scale movement of Southern blacks to northern cities, African Americans

What was the Teapot Dome Scandal

Secretary of the Interior took bribes and secretly loaned govn’t owned land rich in oil to oil companies

What was the difference between capitalism and communism

In capitalism you can own your own stuff, in Communism all of your stuff is owned by the government

What did factory owners often accused striking employees as being

Communist

What is an anarchist and what are their views

People who oppose any form of govn’t

What is a bigot

Person who is intolerant of any creed, race, religion, or political belief that differs from his own

What was the underground illegal establishment that sold alcohol during prohibition known as

Speakeasies

Which U.S. president died suddenly in 1923 during a presidency plagued with scandals

Harding

What are some of the reasons it was so difficult to enforce the laws governing prohibition

You were allowed to drink alcohol, just not sell or make it, and corruption

What was F. Scott Fitzgerald described the 1920s as

Jazz Age

What was the economic situation in the U.S. from 1920 to 1929

Roaring Twenties, economy is booming

In what city did Al Capone run organized crime in

Chicago

What was the Harlem Renaissance

Literary and artistic movement celebrating African American culture. Celebrated heritage while addressing trials of being black in a white world

What was the “Red Scare”

Americans being afraid of the spread of communism

What were the causes of the Dust Bowl

Farmers had overgrown crops on grasslands, depleting it of nutrients. Drought and winds led to topsoil being blown away

What does buying a stock on margin mean

Paying a small % of stock’s price and borrowing the rest from the bank

What was the unemployment rate in the U.S. during the Great Depression

¼ unemployed

Where did the Great Depression spread

Worldwide

What group of people made up the Bonus Army that marched on Washington DC

WWI veterans and families

What was the date of the stock market crash (Black Tuesday)

October 29, 1929

Who was the Fascist leader of Italy during WWII

Benito Mussolini

Which country’s actions forced the U.S. to enter WWII

Japan causing Pearl Harbor

What was a blitzkrieg and what did it depend on to be successful

lightning war, doing it really fast and being a surprise

Which nation signed a nonaggression pact with Germany before both countries invading and dividing up Poland

Soviets

What was the Lend Lease Act

Allowed U.S. to lend or lease war materials if that country’s defense was vital to the U.S.

What was the date of the attack on Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941

How many Jews were killed during the Holocaust

6 million

What was the Truman Doctrine were

U.S. would provide economic and military aid to countries in need in order to keep out communism

What was the Eisenhower Doctrine were

U.S. would defend the Middle East against attack by any communist country

What was appeasement and how did the British and French use it leading up to WWII

Giving up principles to satisfy an aggressor, they let Germany do what they want because he said he’d only take a little land

Which 2 Japanese cities atomic bombs were dropped during WWII

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

What was Truman’s main purpose for dropping the atomic bombs on Japan

They wouldn’t surrender

What was the GI Bill of Rights and how did it benefit veterans

Provided education and training for veterans

How many Americans were estimated to be killed in an invasion of Japan

1 million

What group is best known for investigating communism in the film industry

House Un American Activities Committee

What did the U.S. develop after the Soviets created their first atomic bomb

Hydrogen Bomb or H Bomb

What was the Soviets blockaded West Berlin in response to

People were leaving Soviet Berlin for Normal Berlin in large groups

What was the results from the armistice in the Korean War

38th parallel splitting the country, acting as a demilitarized zone

What U.S. Senator made numerous accusations of communism in the government and military

Joseph McCarthy

What was the policy of brinkmanship

U.S. would go to the edge of all out war to stop the spread of communism

What was the Marshall Plan

$13 billion in aid given to Western Europe to help it rebuild (prevent countries from turning to Soviets for help)

What was the Berlin airlift

Around the block airdrops of food, medicine, and fuel dropped by Allies

What was the Warsaw Pact

Military alliance with 7 Eastern Europe countries

What was the U2 incident

Involved U2 pilot, Francis Gary Powers, being shot down over Soviet Union

What Civil Rights organization MLK Jr. was the founder and first president of

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

What was accomplished by the Freedom riders brought to interstate travel

Government banned segregation in all interstate travel facilities

What was the result on the number of African Americans voting after the Voting Rights Act of 1965

Tripled in south

What did the SNCC used in its protests to speed up the progress of the Civil Rights movement

Sit ins

When was MLK Jr. assassinated

April 4, 1968

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1968 banned

Ended discrimination in housing

Where did MLK Jr. gave his “I have a Dream” speech

Lincoln Memorial

Which presidential candidate in 1968 is assassinated

Robert F. Kennedy