AP human Geography Vocab Test

Population distribution

Is the pattern of human settlement--The spread of people across the earth. It represents places that are crowded, sparsely settled, or even empty.

Population density

a measure of the average population per square mile or kilometer of an area(It measures how crowded a place is).

Midlatitudes

The region between 30 degrees and 60 degrees, north and south of the equator. This area has a more moderate climates and better soils than do regions at higher or lower latitudes.

Social stratification

The hierarchical division of people into groups based on factors such as economic status, power, and/ ethnicity.

Arithemtic population density

Calculated by dividing a reigons populations by its total area. (Says little about population by its total area)

Physiological population density

Calculated by dividing population by the amount of arable land. (Its a much more useful measure than the artimetic density to determine a regions carrying capacity--the population it can support without significant enviromental deterioration.

Arable

suitable for growing crops

Agricultral population density

Compares the number of farmers to the area of arable land.

Redistricting

Usually shrinking, the boundary adjustments, and also a result in physically smaller urban districts and larger rural districts.

Infrastucture

Refers to the facilities and structures that allows people to carry out their typical activites.

Overpopulation

Having more people it can support---is partially dependent on its population distribution and density.

carrying capacity

The number of people a reigon can support without damaging the environment.

age-sex composition graph

Although its based on age and gender data, It can also provide information on brithrates, death rates, how long people live on average, and economic development. (commonly call population pyramid)

Population pyramid

Can give evidence of past events such as enviromental hazards,wars, political changes, and epidemics.

Cohorts

The vertical axis that shows age groups

Birth deficit

slowdown of births

baby boom

Once hostilities end and peace resumes, the brith rates often spike up. Its also usally associated with the end of war, and often represents economic abundance.

Baby bust

after a boom, a temporary but significant decrease in the birth rate that continues until the boomers reach reproductive age

Echo

There are a significant increase in briths that shows up as buldge on a pyramid. Since this increase reflects an earlier baby boom.

potential workforce

the group expected to be the society's labor force

Dependant population

Everyone under 15 or over 64--is the dependant popluation, since they are considered too old or too young to work full time.

Dependency ratio

The comparison between the size of these two groups.