Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB)

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB) as discussed in the lecture notes.

Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB)

Application of inspiratory positive pressure to a spontaneously breathing patient as a short term therapeutic modality.

Mean Airway Pressure (MAP)

A greater than atmospheric pressure applied to the upper airway, increasing MAP and intrathoracic pressure, leading to decreased venous return.

Tidal Volume (VT)

The amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing, increased significantly during IPPB therapy.

Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP)

The maximum pressure achieved during inhalation; used to control the inspiratory phase in IPPB.

Relative Contraindications

Conditions that may increase risks associated with IPPB but do not outright exclude its use such as severe ICP or active TB.

Atelectasis

A condition that IPPB may be indicated for, characterized by the collapse of lung tissue.

Inhalation Port

Part of the IPPB machine that allows gas to enter the patient's airways, triggered by a decrease in pressure.

Nebulizer

A device used to deliver medication in the form of a mist, commonly utilized alongside IPPB.

Exhalation Port

The outlet of the IPPB machine that allows gas to exit after inhalation, managed by a mushroom valve.

Barotrauma

Injury to the lungs or airways caused by excessive pressure, particularly in patients with COPD.

Ventilatory Power

The ability of a positive pressure device to deliver air and reduce the respiratory muscle workload.

Hypercapnia

Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, which may require non-invasive ventilatory support.

Patient Positioning

The arrangement of the patient, ideally in a Semi-Fowler’s position, to optimize breathing during IPPB.

Inspiratory Phase

The phase when the positive pressure is being delivered to the patient, ending when the preset PIP is achieved.

I:E Ratio

The ratio of time spent in inhalation to exhalation, typically set at 1:3 to 1:4 for IPPB.

Sensitivity Setting

The adjustable threshold on an IPPB machine that determines how easily the patient can trigger a breath.

Adverse Effects

Negative reactions to IPPB therapy that must be monitored, such as increased heart rate or discomfort.

Spirometry

A measurement of exhaled volumes done to assess the effectiveness of IPPB treatment.

Cough Mechanism Improvement

A goal of IPPB therapy, aiding in mucus clearance through improved tidal volume and airway pressure.

Gastric Distension

Bloating due to excessive air swallowing during IPPB that can cause discomfort and nausea.

Treatment Duration

The recommended length of an IPPB session, typically lasting 15-20 minutes.