TOA Master Ar 1

Louis Sullivan

" Father of Skyscrapers"
- The first modern Architecture
- inspired by Classical Architecture for vertical development.

Louis Sullivan

" Form Follows Function"

Wainwright Building

First modern American skyscraper

Chicago

- Birth place of Skyscraper; Louis Sullivan is a major player.

Auditorium Building

Louis Sullivan

Sullivanesque Style

- developed in response to the emergence of tall, STEEL-FRAME SKYSCRAPERS IN 1890s
- CHARACTERISTICS:
1. influence of ART NOVEAU
2. panels using Geometric forms;
3. Curve lines
4. CELTIC inspired entwined patterns

Frank Llyod Wright

" Every Great architect is - necessarily - a great poet. He must be a great original interpreter of his time, his day, his age."

Frank Llyod Wright

" I believe in God, Only I spell it Nature"

Frank Llyod Wright

" the greatest American architect of all time"
" Worlds greatest living Architect"

Frank Llyod Wright

Movement Styles:
- Prairie Style
- Art deco
- Organic Architecture
- Modern Architecture

Winslow house, Illinois

the First " Prairie House"
- offered first to Louis Sullivan but given to Frank LLyod ( apprentice)

Robbie House (1908, Chicago)

Created by F. Loyd Wright
"The Hangover" Cantilever.
- touched of art nouveau

Falling Water (Kauffman House)

- greatest work of Frank Llyod Wright

Organic Architecture

- belief that human life is part of nature
- meld with the landscape or rise from it as if the surrounding spaces gave birth to them.

Franklin Toker

" Fallingwater's most important contribution to Modern Architecture surely the " acceptance of Modern Architecture itself"

Richard Neutra

" I try to make a house like a flower pot, in which you can root something and out of which family life will bloom"

Richard Neutra

" Architect must have a razor sharp sense of individuality"

Richard Neutra

Movement and Styles:
- modernism
- International Style

Biorealism

- the inherent and inseparable relationship between man and nature
- Richard Neutra

Kaufman House

- best work of Richard Nuetra , 1946
- very customized with the user

International Style

"the Architecture of the modern movement"
- 1910 -1970

International Style

- global SYMBOL OF MODERNITY
- term coined by HENRY-RUSSEL HITCHCOCK and PHILIP JOHNSON
- often discribed as MINIMALIST; devoid of all ornaments and reduce to BASIC STRUCTURAL ELEMENT.
- use of STEEL, CONCRET and GLASS

Cubism

characterized by the use of geometric planes and shapes.
- influence International Style.

Walter Gropius

" We want to create purely organic building, boldly emanating its inner laws, free of truths or ornamentation."

Walter Gropius

" Architecture begins where engineering ends."

Walter Gropius

- pioneer of modern architecture
-FOUNDER OF BAUHAUS, a revolutionary art school in Germany

Bauhaus building (1925 -1926)

revolutionary art school in germany
-Walter Gropius

Walter Gropius

Movement and Style
1. Bauhaus
2. International Style
3. Functionalism

Fagus Factory

Walter Gropius
Germany

Le Corbusier

" Cube within a cube"

Le Corbusier

" A house is a machine for living in."

Le Corbusier

"I prefer drawing to talking. Drawing is faster, and leaves less room for lies"

Le Corbusier

Movement and Styles:
1. Modern Architecture
2.International Style
3. Purism
4. Brutalism

- widely regarded as the most important architect of 20th century.

Unite d'Habitation

Le Corbusier, Modern, Marseilles, France
- represents the most realization of Le Corbusier's idea of communal housing. " CITY WITHIN A CITY"

Chapelle Notre-Dame Du Haut

Le Corbusier
- 1950 - 1955
- Ronchamp, France

Villa Savoye

- Le Corbusier
- modern take on a french country house.
- considered most significant contribution to modern architecture in the 20th century

Palace of Assembly Chandigarh

- India, 1960
- Le Corbusier

Five Points of Architecture - Le Corbusier

1. Pilotis: first story columns that raise the house
2. Free Plan: separation of load-bearing columns
3. Free Facade: exterior walls free from load
4. Strip/ Ribbon Windows
5. Roof Terraces

Mies van der Rohe

"Less is more", and "God is in the details"

Mies van der Rohe

"Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space"

Mies van der Rohe

Movement and Styles
1. International Style
2. Modern Architecture
3. Bauhaus
4. Art Nouveau
- Seagram Building
- Fransworth House, Plano Illinois

Fransworth House

Mies van der Rohe
- embodiment of Mies mature vision of modern architecture
- skin and bones

Seagram Building

Form:
-Steel frame with glass curtain wall
-Skyscraper
-International style
-Bronze veneer
Content:
-38 floors
-Public space in front (doesn't take up the whole block) with reflecting pools
Function:
-Symbol of capitalism and economic power (used expensive material)
-Reflection of minimalist movement in painting "less is more"
-Balance classical traditions with industrial materials and modern forms
Context:
-architects: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Phillip Johnson
-Budhaus ideals: minimalistic, functional, efficient
-Midtown Manhattan

S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois

ludwig mies van der rohe
1850-1956
german modernism
Mies van der Rohe refined the basic steel and glass construction style, beautifully capturing simplicity and openness.

Oscar Niemeyer

" When form creates beauty it becomes functional and therefore fundamental in Architecture."
\= form, follow, function

Oscar Niemeyer

- greatest architect in Brazil
- " the king of curves"

National Congress of Brazil

Brasília, Federal District
Oscar Niemeyer
1958

Niteroi Contemporary Art Museum

Oscar Niemeyer
Purism
- form follows function

Cathedral of Brasília

Oscar Niemeyer
Brasília, Brazil
1970
Modernism
- received this pritzker prize

Brutalism

- also calle beton brut or crude concrete
- 1970
- constructin of rough, concrete buildings

Leonardo Locsin

FAMOUS WORKS :
-Holy Sacrifice Chapel , U.P. Diliman Campus
-Cultural Cener of the Philippines 1969
-Folk Arts Center 1974
-PICC 1976
-Phil. Plaza Hotel 1976
-Hyatt Regency Hotel , Roxas Blvd.
-Makati Stock Exchange Bldg. 1971
-Ayala Museum , Makati 1974
-Mandarin Oriental Hotel , Makati 1976
-Ninoy Aquino International Airport 1979
-National Arts Center , Makiling , Los Banos 1976

Leonardo Locsin

National Artist of the Philippines in 1990

Philippine International Convention Center (PICC)

Leandro Locsin

Cultural Center of the Philippines

Leandro Locsin

Folk's Art Theatre

Leandro Locsin

Marcel Breuer

The ironic term "Maximum Simplicity" is attributed to \_________?

Marcel Breuer

Wassily Chair
- mentored by Michael Gropius ( Bauhaus School)

IBM France Research Center,

, La Gaude, France, 1958-62
Marcel Breuer

The Met Breuer

Marcel Breuer

Church of St. John's Abbey

Marcel Breuer

Tadao Ando

I would like my architecture to inspire people to use their own resources, to move into the future.

Tadao Ando

Without this spirit, Modernist architecture cannot fully exist. Since there is often a mismatch between the logic and the spirit of Modernism, I use architecture to reconcile the two.

Church of the Light, Japan

Tadao Ando
(Neo Modernism)

4x4 House

Tadao Ando
-faces the ocean and is for a single person
- 2003

Suntory Museum

Tadao Ando

Louis Khan

"A house is a house."

Louis Khan

"(1901-1974),
American architect and teacher, whose original, powerful designs in brick and concrete won him a prominent place in 20th-century architecture.
Highly ordered sequence of space & noble structural systems.

PHILOSOPHY:

" Searching for a materials want to be."

WORKS:
Yale Art Gallery w/ Douglas Orr
Alfred Newton Richard's Medical Center
"

Salk Institute for Biological Studies

Louis Kahn (La Jolla California, 1965)
Served vs. Service Spaces
Water running into ocean

Jatiyo Sangshad bhaban

Louis Kahn

Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas

Louis I. Kahn, 1972

Louis Khan

- CLASSICAL- MODERNISM
" an architect can build a house and build a city in the same breath, if he thinks about it as being a marvelous, inspired, expressive realm."

High Tech Architecture ( 1970)

- late modern style also known as " STRUCTURAL EXPRESSIONISM"
- MACHINE LIKE
- steel, aluminum, and glass combined with brightly colored braces, girder, and beams
- support beams, duct work, and other functional elements are placed on the exterior of the building, become focus of attention.
-INTERIOR SPACE are open and adaptable to may use.

Sir Norman Foster

" Great architecture should wear its message lightly."

Sir Norman Foster

" the Hero of High Tech"
- known for sleek, modern designs of steel and glass with innovations in contouring and inner space management.

City Hall, London

Norman Foster
(Hi-Tech)

Apple headquarters

Norman Foster

Richard Rogers

"Design is how, form is what"

Richard Rogers

"My passion and great enjoyment for architecture, and the reason the older I get the more I enjoy it, is because I believe we - architects - can affect the quality of life of the people."

Richard Rogers

" architecture is a "place for all people""

Bowellism

placing the services in full view

Centre Pompideau, Paris

Piano and Rogers, 1976

Millennium Dome, London

Richard Rogers
(Hi-Tech)

Llyod's of London

-first insurance company of modern world
-Richard Rogers

Post Modern (1970)

- colorful styles of architecture and the decorative arts
- evolved from the modernist movement yet contradicts may of the modernist ideas.
- combining new ideas with traditional forms.
- MAY STARTLE, SURPRISE AND EVEN AMUSE
- buildings may incorporate symbols to make a statement or simply to delight viewers.

Robert Venturi

" less is Bore"

Robert Venturi

"More is More"

Robert Venturi

- author of " Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture"
- led the development of Post modernism

Children Museum of Houston

Robert Venturi

Fire Station \#4

Robert Venturi
Columbus, Indiana
1960

Robert Venturi

Movement and Style:
1. Post Modernism

Michael Graves

"In any architecture, there is an equity between the pragmatic function and the symbolic function."

Michael Graves

- began wok with five famous architect " the new york five"
-felt that modern buildings were not connected to their location and treat local color as unnecessary
- bought MUCH LOCAL AND CULTURAL FLOURISHES into his work

Portland Building

; Michael Graves;
Portland, OR;
1979-83

Denver Public Library, Colorado

Michael Graves
(Post Modernism)

Steigenberger Hotel

Michael Graves
(Post Modernism)
Egypt

Philip Johnson

Architecture is the art of how to waste space

Philip Johnson

All architects want to live beyond their deaths.

Philip Johnson

The First ever Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1979
- controversial 1932 show " Modern Architecture: International Exhibit , which introduce America and European modernism
- Trump Hotel

Glass House

Phillip Johnson
Modern
New Canaan, CT
Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1979

AT & T Building

A: Philip Johnson
D: 1984
L: NY
- icon of post modernism