Biology Unit 1

What part of an atom has a positive (+) charge?

proton

Which of the following is NOT due to water's surface tension?

Icebergs floating in the ocean

Polymer

made of of many parts or subunits

A building block of DNA.

nucleotide

Aid in muscle building

Proteins

What is known as the "universal solvent" for its ability to dissolve most substances?

water

Fatty Acids

the monomer/subunits of lipids

Hydrolysis reaction \______ water (H2O) to break polymers down to the individual monomers.

adds

Dehydration reaction \__________ water(H2O) to chemically bind monomers together to make polymers.

removes

Nonpolar molecules are

hydrophobic

Hydrophilic means

water loving

Amino Acids

the monomer/subunit of proteins. Held together by peptide bonds.

Monosaccharides

the monomer/subunit of carbohydrates

Mono-

one

Enzyme

biological catalyst, speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction.

-ase

enzyme

Poly-

many

What type of atomic bonding has a sharing of electrons?

covalent bonding

Why don't oil and water mix?

water is polar & oil is nonpolar

Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. How many protons are in an oxygen atom?

8

What is the number range for the pH scale?

0-14

Hydrogen Bond

are weaker bonds

Water has a high heat of vaporization meaning

it can hold a lot of heat before vaporizing

Water is \_______ dense as a solid

less

What part of an atom has a negative (-) charge?

electron

What part of an atom has a neutral charge?

neutron

What property of water is described as water molecules sticking to different substances?

adhesion

What type of macromolecule is sugar?

Carbohydrate

Fats, oils, and waxes are examples of

lipids

What is the best statement concerning COHESION of water molecules?

Water molecules hydrogen bond to each other.

\_________ bonds form between water molecules.

Hydrogen

What is the monomer for nucleic acids?

nucleotide

Carbohydrates

used for quick energy

Lipids

used for long term energy storage

Nucleotide

the monomer/subunit of a nucleic acid. Made of 3 parts: Nitrogen base, phosphate group, sugar

Lipids are important for

cell membrane formation

Carbohydrates are important for

energy

Example(s) of nucleic acids is/are

all of the above

A carbon atom SHARES electrons with two oxygen atoms to form carbon dioxide. The type of bonding is best described as

covalent

Water has a neutral pH level, what pH reading would it be

pH 7

Which of the following chemical terms includes all the others

polymer

Something that slows or stops a chemical reaction by blocking the active site of an enzyme is a(n)

inhibitor

The role of an enzyme is all of the following except

to inhibit a reaction

What type of energy is lost during energy conversions/reactions?

heat

What type of energy is contained in a chemical bond?

potential

What elements make up nucleic acids?

CHONP

What elements make up lipids(fats)?

CHO

What elements make up protein?

CHON

What elements make up carbohydrates?

CHO

What type of monomer is this

nucleotide

What type of monomer is this

fatty acid

What type of monomer is this

amino acid

What type of monomer is this

glucose(sugar)

Each of the following exist as molecules EXCEPT

C

Sodium (Na) atom loses an electron to form a Na+. NA+ is now an

ion

Elements are substances composed of a single type of

atom

An atom of phosphorus (as well as most elements/atoms) contain

protons, neutrons, and electrons

The atomic number of an element is defined as the number of

protons

The atomic weight(mass) of an element is defined as the number of

protons & neutrons

All of the following statements are true about carbon EXCEPT

Carbon forms ionic bonds with hydrogen atoms

This is a chemical reaction for photosynthesis, what are the reactants?

carbon dioxide and water

This is a chemical reaction for photosynthesis, what are the products?

glucose and oxygen

polymer

A large molecule composed of repeating structural units or monomers.

amino acid

Building blocks of protein

carbohydrate

Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)

nucleotide

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

protein

Class of nutrients made up of amino acids. They are needed to build and repair body structures, and to regulate processes in the body

nucleic acid

A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.

polysaccharide

a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together

glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

lipid

Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and store food energy until needed (fats)

fatty acid

Building blocks of lipids

enzyme

A protein that makes a reaction happen QUICKER; decreases activation energy of a reaction.

Catalyst

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.

disaccharide

A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, and lactose.

macromolecule

A very large molecule (as of a protein, nucleic acid, or carbohydrate) built up from smaller chemical structures

Product

A substance produced in a chemical reaction

Active site

Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.

monosaccharide

A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate

Chemical reaction

When two or more substances are changed into a different substance

Substrate

A substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.

Monomer

Subunit that make carbon-based molecules

Activation energy

The minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Reactant

Substance that undergoes a chemical reaction

peptide

Bonds that connect amino acids.

Hydrogen bond

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Polar

Molecule with partial (slight) charges. Mixes with water.

This biomolecule cannot dissolve in water.

Lipids

Polymer

A large molecule made up of many monomers

hydrolysis

Adding a water molecule to break a bond in a macromolecule

dehydration synthesis

Removing a water molecule to build a macromolecule.

Organelle related to lipids

Cell membranes (made up of phospholipids)

Examples of Carbohydrates

Bread, Sugar, Glucose

Function of Nucleic Acids

Store and transmit genetic information used to make proteins

Functions of Lipids

Energy Storage, Form cell membranes, hormones, insulation

Elements in Proteins

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (C, H, O, N)

Monomer of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Elements in Lipids

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (C, H, O)

Functions of Carbohydrates

Quick energy, Structural Support

Examples of Lipids

Fats, Oils, Waxes, Triglycerides