Why did the feudal system develop in Europe?

What was feudalism?

A medieval system based on personal dependence, including vassalage and servitude

When did the feudalism arise in Europe?

In the 10 th century

What caused the rise of the feudalism?

Insecurity due to invasions and the division of the Carolingian Empire

Which groups invaded Europe in the 9th and 10 th centuries?

Vikings , Muslims and Magyars (Hungarians)

Why couldn't monarchs protect their population?

They lacked a strong army and couldn't control all the territory

What was vassalage?

A relationship of loyalty between nobles

What did the vassal promise?

Loyalty, military help , and advice

What did the lord give in return?

Protection and a fief (land)

What two parts formed the vassalage ceremony?

Homage and investiture

What was homage?

The act of a vassal kneeling and pledging loyalty to the lord

What was investiture?

The lord granting land andrights to the vassals

Who were serfs?

Peasants bound to a lord's land with limited freedom

What did peasants owe to lord?

Taxes, part of their harvest and labour

What did peasants revive from the lord?

Protection and permission to live and cultivate his land

Why did many peasants become serfs?

For safety during times of insecurity

What weakened monarchs’ power in the 9th to 10th centuries?

Invasions and political fragmentation

What role did nobles gain?

Military and political authority over local territories

What two social relationships defined feudal society?vassalage (nobles-nobles)

vassalage (nobles-nobles) and servitude (nobles-peasants)