HSCS 1101 Exam #3

Administration

Administration

Single dose

Dispensation

multiple doses

Anemia

red blood cells ability to carry 02 is reduced = iron

Osteoporosis

(brittle bone disease) body leeches calcium from bones if not in diet. Hormonal imbalance can predispose.

Lactose intolerance/lactose deficiency

dairy is hard to digest so avoid it = these people might be deficient in calcium

Fat soluble vitamins

(A,D,E,K) stored in the body

Water soluble vitamins

(C,B complex, etc.) can't be stored in the body aka need to eat every day.

Amino acids (essential and nonessential)

the basic units of proteins-essential amino acids-can't be produced by body and must be obtained through food (animal products)

Minerals

Needed for; bones/teeth, energy, muscle contractions nerve impulses, maintaining water balance, blood clotting, etc.

Water

Most essential nutrient needed for energy production, digestion, cooling, etc. (60% of body weight is water)

Males vs. Females testosterone

more testosterone tend to have more masculine characteristics, like muscle bulk vs lack of testosterone in women us what keeps them from bulking up

Different types of exercise to build strength Overload principle

muscle must be subjected to progressively increasing resistance ( overload the muscle) to increase strength

Different types of exercise to build strength Progressive Resistive exercises (PRE)

based on overload and progression

Building muscle Type I

Slow twitch:resistance to fatigue; aerobic activity,

Building muscle Type II

Fast twitch:produce quick, forceful contractions; fatigue faster; anaerobic activity

Different types of exercise to improve cardiorespiratory endurance

whole body, large muscle activities for extended periods of time; most sports are combo. of these

exercise to improve cardiorespiratory endurance Anaerobic

high intensity, short time,

exercise to improve cardiorespiratory endurance: Aerobic

low intensity, long time,

Bulimia

Binging and purging,Use of laxatives, diuretics, self-induced vomiting,Can cause; stomach or esophagus rupture, heart arrhythmias, liver damage, tooth decay, chronic mouth and throat irritation

Anorexia nervosa

Distorted body image,concerned about gaining weight,Deny hunger; highly secretive eating habits 15-21% diagnosed will die from the disorder,Psychological treatment is important

CNS depressant

causes stupor, coma, death ex: alcohol, acute intoxication can mimic a diabetes emergency, rapidly absrobed in the stomach and intestines (30 in-2hours),Concentrated in the blood and brain

CNS stimulant

used by snorting up the nose, intravenous, and smoked ex: Cocaine, causes immediate effects, rapidly causes psychological dependence

Cocaine

#1 drug involved in emergency room visits (CNS stimulant), Used by intravenous, snorted, smoked

cocaine Causes

immediate effects, rapidly causes psychological dependence, To treat: call EMS, be prepared for seizures and cardiac arrest, limit stimuli, protect yourself from psychotic behavior

PCP

is a hallucinogen,Stored in body fat ,Causes agitation, no response to pain, frothing, jumpy eyes,Severe reactions cause schizophrenia, paranoia, memory loss, death, To treat: call EMS, protect yourself, keep lights dim, treat their injuries if you can

Digestion and storage of carbohydrates

Broken down into glucose, stored in muscles and liver as glycogen, most efficient source of energy 4Kcal/gram, should be 45%-65% of total caloric intake per day; Extra is converted into body fat,Inadequate CHO forces body fat to use proteins from its own important functions

Internal drug administration route

Inhalation (inhale the med.),Intradermal/subcutaneous (Into or under skin),Intramuscular (into the muscle),Intranasal (into the nose),Intraspinal (into the spinal cord),Intravenous (Into the vein) fastest route to administer a drug, Oral (swallow a pill), Sublingual/buccal (dissolved under the tongue/cheek)

external drug administration routes

inunctions,ointments,pastes,transdermal patches (adhesive patch with medicine),Solutions

drug vehicle administrstion route

inactive substance that transports the drug;Syrup,capsule,powder, ointment

Drug overdose treatment

Be prepared for cardiac arrest, Don't panic; stay calm,Have victims sit or lie down,Establish/maintain airway,Place on side (left side), Monitor vital signs, Prevent Shock,Reduce stimuli(dim lights, keep quiet), Reduce paranoia, Locate and transport any evidence to the hospital ,Fever-might need to cool down

What is a mule?

swallow balloons or condoms filled with drugs to smuggle across the border

Analgesic(pain reliever)

local pain relievers (ice,menthol,lidocaine),Narcotics (codeine,morphine, demerol),Nonnarcotic (acetaminophen,tylenol)

Analgesic & Antiinflammatory (pain reliever and reduces inflammation)

Aspirin, NSAIDS (ibuprofen, Advil, Motrin), Corticosteroids (cortisone shot, iontophoresis)

Epinephrine (allergic reaction)

first line of defense against anaphylaxis ,EpiPen

Decongestants

reduces congestion;pseudoephedrine, sudafed

Antihistamines

reduces allergy reactions ( not helpful with colds, only allergies);Benadryl, claritin

Antitussives

suppress cough, robitussin cough

Functional progression

rehab used to restore normal functioning, gradually progressive activities, sport specific skills are broken down into component parts,Parts introduced over time,Progress tolerated; Progress form:Easy to advanced,Stationary to moving,Two legs to one leg,Stable surface to unstable surface

Functional testing

Testing drills that assess if ready to return to play,Sport specific is important:walk,jog,jog S's,jog Z's,sprint S's,sprint Z's, Quick start/stop, Carioca, Hopping, Sport specific skills

How to calculate a max heart rate 220

age; Someone is 20 years old (220-20= 200 beats per min is Max heart rate)

% range the ACSM recommends your target heart rate to be for increasing cardiorespiratory endurance

60-85%

losing weight different methods

diet (eat less), exercise ( more physical activity), or both

Calories required to burn to lose a pound of fat

To lose 1lb of far = burn 3500kcal

Goal for losing weight

Goal of 1.5/2 lbs/week

Goal for gaining weight

Goal of 1/2lbs/week

Carbohydrates

most efficient source of energy 4Kcal/gram; should be 45%-65% of total caloric intake per day

Protein

Structural components of the body 4kcal/gram; Should be 10%-35% of total calories per day,Extra stored as fat (supplements?) & can lead to dehydration

Fat

Source of energy 9kcal/gram;Should be 20%-35% of calories a day, Saturated fats <10% a day , % of 19-30 year-olds exceeding this; recommendation = 71, 76%, Typical American eats 40%-50% of there calories a day from fat, Contributes to coronary artery disease, obesity, and cancers

Purpose of a warm up up before activity

increases body temp.,stretches ligaments/muscles, increases flexibility

SAID principle

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands; Body will adapt to increased stresses and loads to overcome the demands placed on it

Ballistic

repetitive bouncing; contractions of agonist cause quick stretches of the antagonist; could cause injury or soreness

Dynamic

more controlled than ballistic; recommended

Static

extended hold at point of discomfort; hold 15-30 sec (3-4x); safer than ballistic; Most activities need a combination of both (warm-up, static, then dynamic), No research says static stretching prevents injuries, No research says static stretching hurts either

PNF

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, alternating stretches and contractions of agonist/ antagonist pair

Training macrocycle

the complete training period,Divided into preseason, in season, and off season, Intensity,volume, and specificity are altered, Progress from high volume/ low intensity/ non-sport specific in the off season to low volume/ high intensity/ sport specific in season

Thermotherapies

heat absorbed and spread between tissues, should not exceed 116F for 30min, Transfer of heat

Conduction

direct contact (heat pack)

Convection

movement of fluids or air (hot tub)

Radiation

through space (sun)

Conversion

through other energies (ultrasound)

Thermotherapies effects

Increases collagen elasticity, Decreases joint stiffness, Reduces pain, Relieves muscle spasm, Increases swelling and inflammation (if done right after injury), Increases blood flow & lymph flow, Assists with healing, Increases body temperature

Cryotherapies

Cold helps prevent more swelling, Temp 32/65F, time minimum of 20min, Ice bag, ice bath, GameReady

Cryotherapies effect

Decreases muscle guarding and muscle spasm, Decreases pain, Decreases muscle fatigue, Decreases blood flow and tissue elasticity, Reduces secondary hypoxic injury, Prevents inflammation/swelling

Ultrasound

sound waves, crystal inside the transducer head that vibrates, must be a small treatment ares, transducer must move during the entire treatment

Electrical stimulation

motor nerves, sensory nerves, or pain nerves; NMES, High-Volt pulsed current

Electrical stimulation Effects

Pain control, produce muscle contractions, reduce muscle spasm, reduce swelling

Massage

manipulation of soft tissue, muscle, and fascia

isometric

produces tension but does not change length of the muscle; Increases static strength, used early in rehab

isotonic

produces tension and changes length of the muscle (PRE's free weights, weight machines)

eccentric

lengthens while contracting

concentric

shortens while contracting

isokinetic

produces tension and changes length of muscle at a constant or fixed speed

Vegetarianism

Animal foods are partly or completely excluded; Reasosn: religion, cultural, health, personal, etc., Missing nutrients: B12, calcium, iron, zinc, calories, protein

Withdrawal

unpleasant physiological reaction after stopping drug use; Nausea, seizures, vomiting, rarely fatal

withdrawal syndrome

Occurs after cutback in amount of alcohol or drug

withdrawal syndrome 4 stages

8 hours/ nausea, insomnia, sweating, tremors, 8/72 hours, add vomiting and hallucinations, 48 hours seizures, Go into DT's;

withdrawl

Signs and symptoms can mimic psychiatric disorders

DTs

Delirium Tremens; life threatening condition (15% mortality rate), Occurs 1 to 14 days from last drink ( can last up to month)

DTs sign and symptoms

confusion, insomnia, high fever, dilated pupils, frightening hallucinations, can be fatal, can mimic psychiatric disorders seizures occur in withdrawal (not DT's); ⅓ of those with seizures in withdrawal progress to DT's

Plyometrics

rapid eccentric stretch followed by rapid concentric contraction; rapid, explosive, emphasize short time on the ground Dynamic movements and power; Ex: bounding, squat jumps, medicine ball throws

Calisthenics

requires support of the body or moving against gravity; push-ups, sit-ups , resistance=body weight or gravity

Antiseptic

used on living tissue

disinfectant

used on nonliving objects

Diet

The word "diet" refers to: what you eat and your usual food choices;NOT losing weight

What is Nutrition?

Nutrition is the science of food substances and their functions in the body ; ex: Growth, repair, and maintenance of all tissues, regulate body processes, supply energy

First aid priorities Alcohol intoxication

most used and abused drug in the USA; airway is the #1 priority with alcohol intoxication

First aid priorities Drug overdose

Circulation is the #1 priority when dealing with a drug overdose

Structural integrity

soft tissue structurally sound; need support or not, first aid measures, medical intervention,postoperative measures

Swelling and pain reduction

fluid accumulation causes pain, neuromuscular inhibition and slows healing, RICES; Modalities, medications, etc.

ROM and flexibility

measure it then correct it if its not normal; Correct ROM losses/ Physiologic:flexion, extension,abduction and accessory motion: spin, roll, glide;Determine the causes- muscle resistance, tendon tightness, ligament contracture

Muscular strength and endurance

Isometrics, Contraction with no change in length,Static strength, Decrease atrophy,Used early in rehab

Muscular strength and endurance PRE's

Free weights, machines, rubber tubing, manual resistance, Isotonic contractions; muscle contraction with changes in length

Muscular strength and endurance Isokinetics

Later in rehabilitation; Provides maximal resistance through full ROM with a fixed speed (Biodex machine)

Muscular strength and endurance Core Stabilization

Core of your body; weakness causes injury and inefficient movements in ALL parts of the body

Speed and power Plyometrics

Used later in rehabilitation, Used for dynamic movements and for power;Sport-specific movements

Speed and power Speed Drills

Used later in rehabilitation

Neuromuscular control, coordination, and proprioception (Neuromuscular control)

Repetition of patterned movements, Theory that patterns are stored and can be retrieved; Start simple, progress to complex and functional movements

Neuromuscular control, coordination, and proprioception (Balance & coordination)

Integration of sensory info, Postural stability, Athletic ability, Functional training progresses to incorporate balance

Agility and functional skills (Functional progression)

Rehab progression used to restore normal functioning, Gradually progressive activities, Sport specific skills are broken down into component parts, Parts introduced over time, Progress as tolerated;Progress from: Easy to advanced,Stationary to moving, Two legs to one leg, Stable surface to unstable surface

Agility and functional skills (Functional testing)

Testing drills that assess if ready to return to play, Sport specific is important:Walk,Jog,Sprint,Quick start/stop,Sport specific skills