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Sensory Receptors

Specialized cells that detect environmental stimuli and transmit signals to sensory nerves.

Sensation

The process of detecting stimuli through sensory receptors.

Perception

The brain's interpretation of sensory information.

Sensory Adaptation

The reduction in responsiveness of sensory receptors to a constant stimulus.

Photoreceptors

Sensory receptors that respond to light; found in the eyes.

Chemoreceptors

Sensory receptors that respond to chemical stimuli; involved in taste and smell.

Mechanoreceptors

Sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli, such as touch, pressure, and vibration.

Thermoreceptors

Sensory receptors that respond to changes in temperature.

Sclera

The tough, white outer layer of the eye.

Cornea

The transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil.

Choroid

The vascular layer between the sclera and retina that nourishes the eye.

Iris

The colored part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil.

Pupil

The black opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

Adaptation

Adjustment of the eye to different light conditions.

Retina

The innermost layer of the eye containing photoreceptors.

Rods

Photoreceptor cells in the retina responsible for low-light vision.

Cones

Photoreceptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision and detailed visual perception.

Optic Nerve

The bundle of nerve fibers that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

Aqueous Humor

The clear fluid between the cornea and lens that helps maintain the eye's shape.

Glaucoma

Increased pressure within the eye that can lead to optic nerve damage.

Vitreous Humor

The gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and retina, maintaining eye shape.

Lens

The transparent structure in the eye that focuses light onto the retina.

Accommodation

The ability of the eye to adjust its focus for different distances.

Cataracts

Clouding of the lens, leading to decreased vision.

Astigmatism

Irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, causing distorted vision.