ch 10 rg

thylakoid discs

the ovals inside a chloroplast are

stroma

the empty space inside the chloroplast

thylakoid space

space inside a thylakoid disc (in a chloroplast)

granum

a line of thylakoid discs

chloroplasts light chemical sugar

the process in which organisms’ __________ capture ______ energy and convert it to _________ energy which is stored in ______ is PHOTOSYNTHESIS

autotroph

an organism that synthesizes organic molecules from inorganic substances

heterotroph

an organism that obtains organic material by living off compounds produced by other organisms

wavelength

the distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves

\-5 -3

10^_ is gamma rays and 10^_ is radio waves, that’s the range of wavelengths

380 to 750

visible light wavelength is what

blue and red

what are the two wavelengths most effectively absorbed by chlorophyll

more

wavelengths that are short have more or less energy

pigments

substances that absorb visible light

chlorophyll A

blue-green pigment - in chloroplast, can participate directly in light reactions of photosynthesis

chlorophyll B

yellow-green pigment - in chloroplast, transfers energy

carotenoids

yellow and orange - accessory pigments, allow leaves to absorb more light (and cause leaves to turn colors in the fall)

green thylakoid light

chlorophyll is the _____ pigment in the _________ membrane that absorbs ______

ATP NADPH

photosynthesis takes energy from sun, turns it into energy stored in ___, ______, and eventually glucose

okay

know the equation and what is being reduced and oxidized!!!

CO2

what is reduced (gaining electrons) in photosynthesis

water

what is oxidized (losing electrons) in photosynthesis

donor

is NADPH an electron donor or acceptor

acceptor

is NADP+ an electron donor or acceptor

O2

what do light reactions in the chloroplast produce?

NADP

the calvin cycle is sending _____+ and ATP to the light reactions

ATP NADPH

light reactions send ___ and _____ back to the calvin cycle

okay!

NADPH (bottom of big picture) donates an electron to the calvin cycle, becomes NADP+ and goes back over to light reactions ready to get another electron!

H2O

what do light reactions in the chloroplast need?

CO2

what does the calvin cycle in the chloroplast need?

CH2O

what does the calvin cycle in the chloroplast produce?

light, CO2, temperature

3 limiting factors of photosynthesis in the order we wrote them on the reading guide

dependent independent

light reactions are __________ add the calvin cycle is _________ (independent/dependent)

photosystems

light reactions begin at places called

reaction center

the chlorophyll a and the primary electron acceptor complex is known as the

700

photosystem 1 is P___

680

photosystem 2 is P___

ATP NADPH

the problem with the CC… the calvin cycle uses more ___ than ___

yes

do plant cells have both chloroplasts and mitochondria???!!!

ferredoxin cytochrome complex

to make more ATP, from the primary electron acceptor, _________ will go to the _________ ______ rather than NADP+ Reductase

no

are RuBP and rubisco the same thing?

carbon fixation

taking inorganic carbon in the form of CO2 and making it into a usable form for heterotrophs (aka glucose) is called

calvin cycle

if CO2 can’t get into plants, that means there is more O2 than CO2, so then what can’t occur?

photorespiration

what is the wasteful process where the calvin cycle can’t occur because there is more O2 than CO2 called?

mesophyll

where do C4 plants fix CO2?

bundle sheath

in C4 plants, the fixed CO2 from the mesophyll enters the ______ ______ cells where the calvin cycle takes place

calvin cycle oxygen

photorespiration doesn’t occur in bundle sheath cells (which is where the _____ _____ takes place) bc they are protected from ______

CAM CO2

___ plants open their somata at night to fix ___ into organic acids to be used for the CC at a later time

no

CAM plants: are there light rxns happening at night?

spacial temporal

C4 plants have a ______ separation of steps, whereas CAM plants have a _______ separation of steps