Instuderingsfrågor: Hjärtat, Cirkulationen, Lungorna, Immunsystemet, Hjärnan och Nervsystemet (copy)

What are the primary functions of blood?

To provide the body with nutrients and oxygen, remove waste, maintain body temperature, and participate in the immune defense.

What is blood plasma?

A yellowish liquid that makes up approximately half of blood, consisting of water, nutrients, and waste products.

What is the role of red blood cells?

They give blood its red color and transport oxygen to the body's cells while carrying carbon dioxide away.

What is the function of white blood cells?

They defend the body against bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.

What are platelets responsible for?

They assist in wound healing.

What is the small circulation (lilla kretsloppet)?

The circulation between the heart and lungs for oxygenation.

What is the function of heart valves?

They direct blood to the correct part of the heart and prevent backflow.

What happens to blood in the right ventricle?

It is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.

What is the sinoatrial node (Sinusknutan)?

It generates electrical impulses that control the heartbeat.

How is blood returned to the heart through muscle contraction?

Muscles squeeze the veins, pushing blood forward.

What are capillaries?

Very thin blood vessels that enable the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What does systolic pressure indicate?

The pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts.

What is the function of the lungs?

To take up oxygen and transport away carbon dioxide.

What contributes to the skin's defense against bacteria?

Sweat and sebaceous glands that inhibit bacterial growth.

What are macrophages?

Phagocytic cells that quickly respond to invaders by engulfing them.

What distinguishes self-cells from foreign cells?

Self-cells carry recognition molecules, while foreign cells lack them.