Nervous System & Histology Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing nervous system histology and function.

What are the two main components of the Central Nervous System?

Brain and Spinal Cord

What are the components of the Somatic Peripheral Nervous System?

Cranial nerves and Spinal nerves

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?

Neurons (Nerve cells) and Neuroglia cells (Glial cells)

What kind of cells are Neurons?

Excitable cells

What kind of cells are Glial cells?

Non-excitable cells

What is the main function of a neuron?

Receive the stimuli & conducts the nerve impulses

Why can't neurons divide mitotically?

Absence of centrioles

What are the three main parts of a neuron?

Dendrites, Cell body, Axon

What is the primary function of dendrites?

Collect electrical signals

What is the function of the cell body in a neuron?

Integrates incoming signals and generates outgoing signal to axon

What is the function of the Axon?

Passes electrical signals to dendrites of another cell or to an effector cell

What is the function of Nissl substance?

Synthesize proteins

What are dendrites?

Branched processes from cytoplasm that receive & conduct nerve impulses to cell body

What do axons do?

Conduct impulses away from the cell body

Where are Unipolar neurons found?

Found in lower vertebrates

How many axons and dendrites do Bipolar neurons have?

One axon and one dendrite

Where are Bipolar neurons found?

Retina, olfactory epithelium

How many axons and dendrites do Multipolar neurons have?

One long axon and multiple dendrites

Where are Multipolar neurons found?

Grey matter of CNS, autonomic ganglia

How many processes do Pseudounipolar neurons have?

One short process that divides into peripheral & central processes

Where are Pseudounipolar neurons found?

Dorsal root ganglia, sensory ganglia

Which neurons conduct impulses & gives motor command to muscles and glands?

Motor neurons (Efferent)

Which neurons Receive stimuli & conveys it to CNS?

Sensory (afferent) neurons

What kind of division do Glial cells undergo?

Undergo mitotic division

What kind of tumors are mostly neuroglial?

Brain tumors

Which Glial cells Form the Blood Brain Barrier?

Astrocytes

Which Glial cells form myelination of fibers of CNS?

Oligodendrocytes

Which Glial cells form myelination of fibers of PNS?

Schwann cells

Which Glial cells lines the central canal of spinal cord and help in circulation of CSF?

Ependymal cells

Which Glial cells perform Phagocytosis of damaged nervous tissue?

Microglia

Which Glial cells are Found in ganglia?

Satellite cells

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

31

What do Somatic nerves control?

Controls voluntary movements by supplying skeletal muscles

What do Autonomic nerves control?

Controls involuntary activities of the body

Each spinal nerve connects with spinal cord by what?

Ventral (motor) and Dorsal (Sensory) roots

Name the two types of Ganglia.

spinal/sensory ganglion and autonomic ganglion

Which neuroglial cells surrounds the axon to facilitate the conduction of impulses?

Schwann cells (PNS) or oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Name the three connective tissue layers surrounding nerve fibers.

endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium