Bio Chapter 3

Active transport

energy is required when transporting molecules in a cell, going from low concentration to high concentration, moving against the gradient

Passive transport

energy is NOT required when moving molecules in a cell, going from high concentration to low concentration, moving with the gradient

Cells

fundamental unit of life

cells come from

pre-existing cells

Prokaryotic cells

have a nucleiod region, no organelles surrounded by a membrane, less complex (eg bacteria)

Eukaryotic cells

nucleus, organelles surrounded by membrane, has chromosomes, complex and larger (eg, all other living organisms)

Cell membrane

made up of phospholipids

Phospholipids create ___ in the membrane

fluidity

Mosaic

two or more types of cell in the membrane (lipids, proteins, cholesterol)

Proteins in the membrane

constantly moving around membrane to help nutrients into the cell

true or false: cholesterol doesn’t help maintain the fluidity during temperature changes

false

Intergeral Proteins

integrated into the membrane, has both hydrophobic and philic proteins

Peripheral proteins

on the outside of the membrane, help with communication

Transporter proteins

make a safe environment for smaller molecules to come into the membrane

Receptor proteins

help with communication from outside to inside th cell

Enezymes. Proteins

Catalysts of a cell

Anchor proteins

Anchored into membrane, link structures

Cell membrane has a

Selective permable membrane, only allowing some things in

Osmosis always has to do with

Water, diffusion of water

Passive osmosis

Going from a high solute concentration to a low concentration

When water is high, solute is

Low

Hyper tonic

High salt, low water vs. Other solution, water tries to get out of cell

Hypotonic

Low salt, high water vs. Other solution, water tries to get into cell

Isotonic

Equal salt and water vs. Other solution,water goes in and out