PhILS Human Kidney Function: Antidiuretic Hormone

The force that pushes fluid from the capillary into the glomerular capsular space is:

the blood pressure

The filtrate is the fluid that passes from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsular space and is composed of:

blood plasma and small solutes.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is:

secreted into the blood by the posterior pituitary

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted when:

the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma fluid is high.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) directly increases the permeability of water in which region of the nephron?

the collecting duct

ADH increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water, and this means water flows:

from the collecting duct into the blood to decrease the volume of the fluid in the collecting duct.

Tomato juice has a similar sodium concentration to blood plasma. How would salt and water in the tomato juice affect the ADH secretion of this human subject?

The level of ADH in his blood increased so more water was reabsorbed

Judging from the volume of urine produced by each student, which person had the lowest level of ADH in their blood at the 40-minute mark?

The student who drank soda, which had no salt.

If you have a solution and water is removed from the solution, what happens to the concentration of the solute?

the concentration of the solute increases

If solution A has a higher pH than solution B, then solution A is said to be:

more alkaline than solution B.

Compare the pH of the urine from the student who drank soda with the student who drank tomato juice. After 40 minutes, the urine from the student who drank soda had:

a higher pH

A urine sample with the lowest pH would have:

the highest concentration of hydrogen ions.

Assume that the rate of hydrogen ion secretion along the length of the renal tubule was the same for each student. The student who drank soda produced urine with the highest pH because:

water stayed in the collecting duct, rather than being reabsorbed back into the blood, so that the concentration of hydrogen ions in the urine was low.

Which student produced urine with the lowest concentration of sodium chloride at the 40-minute mark?

The student who drank soda, which had no sodium

Assume that the rate of filtrate formation was the same for each student. The student who drank soda produced urine with the lowest level of sodium chloride because:

the level of ADH in his blood was low, so water remained in the collecting duct, rather than passing into the blood.