Chapter 4: A Trip Through Geologic Time

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27 Terms

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Fossil
Preserved remains or traces of living things
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Sedimentary Rock
Type of rock made from hardened sediment
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Mold
Hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism
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Cast
Solid copy of the shape of an organism
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Petrified Fossil
Fossil in which minerals replace all or part of an organism
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Carbon Film
Extremely thin coating of carbon on rock
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Trace Fossil
Provide evidence of the activities of ancient organisms
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Paleontologist
Scientist who studies fossils
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Scientific Theory
A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
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Evolution
The gradual change in living things over long periods of time
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Extinct
Organisms that no longer exist and will never again live on earth
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Relative Age
Age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks
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Absolute Age
The number of years since the rock formed
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Law of Superposition
The oldest layer of rock is at the bottom
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Extrusion
Lava that hardens on the surface. Always younger than the rocks below it
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Intrusion
Magma that pushes through bodies of rock and hardens underground. Always younger than the rocks around it
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Unconformity
Surface where new rock layers meet a much older rock surface beneath them
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Index Fossil
Help geologists match rock layers. Must be widely distributed and have only existed briefly
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Geologic Time Scale
A record of the life forms and geologic events in Earth's history
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Periods
Eras are divided into these time units
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Eras
Three long units of time
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Invertebrate
Animal without a backbone
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Vertebrate
Animal with a backbone
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Amphibian
Animal that lives part of its life on land and part of its life in water
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Reptile
Animal with scaly skin that lays eggs with tough, leathery shells
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Mass Extinction
Many types of living things become extinct at the same time
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Mammal
Warm-blooded vertebrate that feeds its young milk

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