Nucleus and Its Functions

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the structure and function of the nucleus, along with important processes involving nuclear transport.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle containing the genetic material of a cell.

LINC Complex

A protein complex that connects the nucleus to the cytoskeleton, maintaining the position of the nucleus.

Lamins

Intermediate filament proteins that provide structural support to the nuclear envelope.

Nuclear Pore Complex

A large protein complex that spans the nuclear envelope, regulating the transport of molecules in and out of the nucleus.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by improper processing of lamin A, leading to rapid aging.

Nuclear Import

The process by which proteins are transported into the nucleus, often mediated by importins and nuclear localization signals (NLS).

Nuclear Export

The process by which proteins and RNAs are transported out of the nucleus, often mediated by exportins and nuclear export signals (NES).

Chromatin

The complex of DNA and proteins (including histones) that forms chromosomes within the nucleus.

Ribosomal Subunits

The components of ribosomes that are assembled in the nucleus from ribosomal proteins and rRNA.

mRNA Export

The process by which messenger RNA is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm for translation.

Cytoplasmic Filament

Protein filaments that are involved in the transport and organization of the nuclear pore complex.

Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS)

A sequence of amino acids that directs the transport of proteins into the nucleus.

Nuclear Export Signal (NES)

A sequence that directs the export of proteins out of the nucleus.

Gene Regulation

The process by which a cell controls the expression of its genes, influencing which proteins are produced.

Exportin

A protein that binds a cargo protein with a nuclear export signal and facilitates its transport out of the nucleus.