Lecture 64 (Dietary Management for all Life Stages)

-Diabetes Mellitus

-DJD, orthopedic disease

-cardiac/respiratory conditions

-cancer

-hypertension

-shorter lifespan

what does an overweight/obese BCS predispose pets to?

leptin, TNF-α, interleukins, and CRP

fat is a pro-inflammatory endocrine organ that releases...

-40% overweight → 40 kg × 0.4 = 16 kg excess

-ideal weight = 40 kg - 16 kg = 24 kg

dog weight = 40 kg, BCS 9/9

what is the % overweight and actual weight over ideal (in kg's) for this dog?

10% overweight

each BCS > 5/9 is equivalent to being ___% overweight

-70 × (ideal BW in kg)^0.75

-OR: 30 × (ideal BW in kg) + 70

how do you calculate RER (resting energy requirement)?

RER × life stage/activity factor

how do you calculate MER (maintenance energy requirement)?

80-100%

feeding ___-___% of ideal-weight RER is effective and well tolerated

10%

no more than ___% of daily calories should come from treats!

-30 kcals is 10% of daily calories

-at 5 kcals/treat = 6 treats/day

Bubba's MER is 300 kcal/day. His treats are 5 kcals each. How many kcal/day can be allotted to treats and how many treats can he receive per day?

-dogs: 1-2% per week

-cats: 0.5-2% per week

what is the targeted/desired weight loss per week for cats and dogs?

benefits:

-preferred metabolic energy source

-increases palatability

caution:

-excess can cause greasy diarrhea (steatorrhea)

what are the pros and cons of having fat in a diet?

building blocks for:

-muscle repair

-cell line replenishment

-enzyme production

risks:

-too little: anemia, poor performance

-too much: kidney strain

what are the pros and cons of having protein in a diet?

advantages:

-meet AAFCO/NRC standards

-quality control

-consistent ingredients

disadvantages:

-potential contamination

-nutritional deficiencies

what are the advantages and disadvantages of using commercial diets?

-"Boutique, Exotic, Grain free" diets

-linked to DCM due to taurine deficiency or exotic ingredients

what are BEG diets and what is it linked to?

-pros: tailored to individual needs

-cons: nutritional deficiencies common unless balanced

-use Balance It® to generate vet-approved recipes

what are the pros and cons of using home-cooked diets?

-zoonotic pathogens (e.g., Salmonella, parasites)

-gut flora imbalance

-nutrient imbalances

what are the risks of using raw diets?

-feed high-quality growth diet

-higher % of protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, NaCl

-DHA/EPA added to support neural development

-transition to adult maintenance around 12-14 months

discuss the key points in maintaining healthy body weight throughout the growth stage in canine and feline patients

by 6-8 weeks of age

when can puppies be weaned?

-monitor weight regularly; adjust diet after spay/neuter

-encourage exercise and non-food rewards

protein minimums:

-dogs: 1 g/lb or 2.5 g/kg ideal BW/day

-cats: 2 g/lb or 5 g/kg ideal BW/day

discuss the key points in maintaining healthy body weight throughout the adult stage in canine and feline patients

dogs:

-↓ caloric needs by 18–25% (especially >7 yrs)

cats:

-↓ needs through age 12 (~3%/yr)

-↑ needs in cats >12 yrs

discuss the key points in maintaining healthy body weight throughout the senior stage in canine and feline patients

-require higher calorie diets (450-550 kcal/cup)

-higher % calories from fat

-rarely needed for most household pets

discuss the key points in maintaining healthy body weight for active/working dogs