Alkenes and Alkynes Review

Vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes covering the concepts of alkenes, alkynes, and related reactions.

Alkenes

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond, general formula CnH2n.

Alkynes

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, general formula CnH2n-2.

Electrophilic Addition

A reaction where an electrophile is added to the double bond of an alkene, forming a more stable product.

Cis-trans isomerism

Stereoisomerism where two substituents differ in their spatial arrangement around a double bond.

Inductive effect

The permanent polar effect brought about by the electronegativity difference between atoms in a molecule.

Conjugate dienes

Compounds with two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, allowing for resonance and stability.

Hybridization

The concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons.

Z/E nomenclature

A system for specifying the spatial arrangement of substituents around a double bond based on their priority.

Markovnikov's rule

In an addition reaction to an unsymmetrical alkene, the more substituted carbon will preferentially receive the electrophile.

Hydrogenation

The process of adding hydrogen to an alkene or alkyne in the presence of a catalyst to form an alkane.