cell division

cell division

necessary for growth and development of an organism and for repairing damaged tissue

cell cycle

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

embryo cell cycle

very short as cell divides rapidly to form new organisms

Adult Cell Cycle

process is slow but some cells such as hair follicles, skin, blood continue to divide rapidly

mitosis

the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes

stage 1 of cell cycle

• cell grows and increases mass

• carry out normal cell activity

• cell replicate to make their DNA replicate

• mitochondria, ribosomes chloroplast

stage 2 of cell cycle

mitosis

stage 3 of cell cycle

cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical daughter cells

What do chromosomes contain?

genes

how many chromosomes does a human body have

23 from your mother and 23 from your father

How is offspring produced?

produced by asexual reproduction

cells are produced by mitosis from the parent cell

Same genes as the parent.

what's the result of growth of organisms?

cell enlargement and cell division

cell differentiation

when cell grows, divides and develops

what are stem cells?

unspecialised cells that are found in human embryo and adult bone marrow

what are adult stem cells?

when differentiated cells cannot divide so they are replaced by adult stem cell ( found in bone marrow)

what is meristems?

when plant tissues are actively divided and are found at the growing points of the plant

what is cloning

producing genetically identical offspring

why are plants easy to clone?

the cells have become unspecialised, divided my mitosis and differentiated in various plant cells

why is it difficult to clone animals?

once the cells differentiated they cannot be unspecialised again

zygote

when an egg and sperm fuse

how is embryo formed?

cells divide into many balls of cell

what's the inner layer of the cell wall

embryonic stem cell

what can adult stem cells change into?

blood cells

what are the treatments of stem cells?

paralysis, loss of vision and diabetes

benefits of cloning plants

• rare plants saved from extinction

• larger population of genetically plants

• exotic plants can be produced

where do embryonic stem cells come from

fertilized egg

give me three issues of stem cells used in human medicine

• violation of embryo rights

• should not interfere with natural process of reproduction

• money wasted

what is the concern of embryonic stem cells dividing rapidly?

cause cancer

therapeutic cloning

The production of embryonic stem cells for use in replacing or repairing damaged tissues or organs

what does therapeutic cloning involve

an embryo being produced with the same genes as the patient

Advantage of therapeutic cloning

• embryonic stem cells are not rejected

• treat diseases

• no need for donors

disadvantages of therapeutic cloning

• ethical issues

• expensive

• can be misused