C4 - Quantitative Chemistry

These flashcards cover key concepts from a chemistry lecture on quantitative chemistry, including atomic mass calculations, conservation of mass, limiting reactants, atom economy, and yield.

Quantitative Chemistry

The branch of chemistry that deals with the amount of substances, primarily focusing on calculations involving molar masses.

Relative Formula Mass

The sum of the relative atomic masses of all atoms in a compound's formula.

Percentage Mass of an Element

The mass of a particular element in a compound compared to the total mass of the compound, expressed as a percentage.

Avogadro's Constant

The number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) in one mole, approximately 6.02 x 10^23.

Mole

A unit of measurement in chemistry representing 6.02 x 10^23 particles of a substance.

Conservation of Mass

A principle stating that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant in a chemical reaction that is completely consumed first, limiting the amount of product formed.

Atom Economy

A measure of the efficiency of a reaction in converting reactants into useful products expressed as a percentage.

% Yield

The ratio of the actual yield of a product to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

How to calculate Percentage Mass of an Element?

The mass of an element in a compound expressed as a percentage of the total compound mass:\text{Percentage mass of element} = (\frac{Ar \times \text{number of atoms}}{Mr}) \times 100\%

How to calculate Moles from mass?

The relationship between moles, mass, and relative formula mass:\text{Moles} = \frac{\text{Mass (g)}}{M_r}

How to calculate Moles from number of particles?

The relationship between moles, number of particles, and Avogadro's Constant:\text{Moles} = \frac{\text{Number of particles}}{\text{Avogadro's Constant}}

How to calculate Atom Economy?

A measure of reaction efficiency:\text{Atom Economy} = (\frac{\text{Mass of desired products}}{\text{Total mass of reactants}}) \times 100\%

How to calculate % Yield?

The ratio of actual product yield to theoretical yield:\text{% Yield} = (\frac{\text{Actual yield}}{\text{Theoretical yield}}) \times 100\%