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Which of the following skills or interventions is included at every level of prehospital emergency training?
Automatic external defibrillation
Which of the following statements regarding the EMS medical director and an EMT's scope of practice is correct?
An EMT's scope of practice may be expanded by the medical director after proper training and state approval
Which of the following statements regarding the different stages of the grieving process is correct?
the stages of the grieving process may occur simultaneously.
Your partner, a veteran EMT whom you have worked with regularly for the past 4 years, seems unusually agitated during a call involving an elderly patient. Upon arrival back at your station, you note the obvious smell of alcohol on his breath. What should you do?
discreetly report your suspicions to your supervisor
You have been working at the scene of a major building collapse for 8 hours. Many injured people are still being removed, and everyone is becoming frustrated and losing focus. This situation is MOST effectively managed by:
requesting CISM team to provide an on-scene peer support
If you are exposed to a patient's blood or other bodily fluid, your first action should be to:
transfer care of the patient to another EMS provider
When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest, and a valid living will or DNR order cannot be located you should:
begin resuscitation at once
Your BEST protection against legal liability when a competent patient refuses EMS care and transport is to:
thoroughly document the entire event
Which of the following scenarios is an example of informed consent?
an EMT advises a patient of the risks of receiving treatment
Typical components of an oral patient report include all of the following, EXCEPT:
the set of baseline vital signs taken at the scene
Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by:
maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible
A 60-year-old man complains of chest pain. He is conscious and alert and denies shortness of breath. Which of the following questions would be the MOST appropriate to ask him?
"Do you have any heart problems or take any medication?"
Enlargement of the liver is called:
hepatomegaly
The areas of the spinal column, in descending order, are:
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct?
A person has no voluntary control over smooth muscle
Relative to an adult's airway anatomy, the child's:
pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved
When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:
age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion
Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:
their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally
You have two patients who were involved in a motor vehicle crash when their SUV struck a tree- one with neck and back pain, and the other with a deformed left femur. The patient with the deformed femur states that he does not want to be placed on a hard board, nor does he want a collar around his neck. What is the MOST appropriate and practical method of securing these patients and placing them into the ambulance?
Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a long backboard and place him on the wheeled stretcher; place the patient with the deformed femur on a folding stretcher secured to the squad bench
Which of the following steps is NOT proper procedure when performing an emergency move?
lifting the patient by the belt to move him or her
When the shoulder girdle is aligned over the pelvis during lifting:
the weight is exerted straight down the vertebrae
You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you ifnd the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused; is in obvious respiratory distress; and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes, her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate life-saving treatment, you should:
perform a detailed head-to-toe exam and prepare for immediate transport
External bleeding from an extremity can usually be controlled initially by:
applying direct pressure
Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:
pulse strength
What is the alveolar minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?
5,600 mL
A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately:
perform oropharyngeal suctioning
You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to:
log roll him as a unit to a supine position
You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should:
confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given
Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption?
oral
When gathering a patient's medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix, Nexium, and digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over-the-counter (OTC)?
Nexium
Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock?
Wheezing
A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is hot and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing:
septic shock
Abdominal thrusts in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed:
until he or she loses consciousness
Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is correct?
V-fib results in an absence of forward blood flow
Which of the following is NOT a BLS intervention?
cardiac monitoring
Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis A is correct?
Hepatitis A can only be transmitted by a patient who has an acute infection
A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, his pulse is 104 beats/min, and his respirations are 16 breaths/min. Your partner has applied supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) and he tells you that he does. You should:
ask him what he takes, how much, and when he last took it
When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:
start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds
You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she as recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. You should suspect:
acute pulmonary embolism
The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it:
pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation
Prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI is important because:
the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy
An absence seizure is also referred to as a:
petit mal seizure
You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced:
a ruptured cerebral artery
Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?
Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself.
Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in:
an ulcer
Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because:
excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys
A 50-year-old man with diabetes has an altered mental status and is unable to tell you when he last ate or took his insulin. Your glucometer keeps malfunctioning and you are unable to determine his blood glucose level. Which of the following clinical signs would MOST likely lead you to the correct diagnosis?
deep and rapid breathing
Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, EXCEPT:
drying of the eyes
A 73-year-old man presents with a generalized rash, which he thinks may have been caused by an antibiotic that he recently began taking. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and emphysema. He is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 144/94 mm Hg, and his pulse is 64 beats/min and regular. You auscultate his breath sounds and hear scattered wheezing, although he is not experiencing respiratory distress. You should:
administer oxygen if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration
An EMT's primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to:
recognize that a poisoning occurred
The EMT certification exam is designed to:
ensure that EMTs are competent and have the same level of knowledge and skills
If a person is partially immune to a particular disease, he or she:
may develop illness from germs that lie dormant from the initial infection
You are dispatched to an office building for a 49-year-old male with chest pain. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient to be conscious and alert, but in obvious pain. He tells you that he did not call 9-1-1; a coworker did. He further states that he does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. You should:
ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care
All information recorded on the PCR must be:
considered confidential
The term "supraventricular tachycardia" means:
a rapid heart rate that originates from above the ventricles
How does respiration differ from ventilation?
respiration is the process of gas exchange; whereas ventilation is the movement of air between the lungs and the environment
With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:
the blood vessels become stiff
What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?
the tongue
In infants and children, a capillary refill time (CRT) that is greater than ___________ second(s) is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion.
2
After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive, you should:
assess for breathing and a pulse
You receive a call for a 70-year-old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure; however, he does not think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should:
assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask
A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless and apneic during transport. You should:
stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible
An area of swelling or enlargement in a weekend arterial wall is called:
an aneurysm
The principal symptom in both infectious and noninfectious gastroenteritis is:
diarrhea
In contrast to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia:
can only be corrected in the hospital setting.
A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to:
record the time and dose of the injection and transport promptly
It is MOST important to determine a patient's weight when asking questions pertaining to a toxic injection because:
activated charcoal is given based on a patient's weight
You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in the upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should:
remain in a safe place and request law enforcement
Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder?
Schizophrenia
When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should:
keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words
Potentially life-threatening consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include:
ovarian abscess and ectopic pregnancy
During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred:
when the patient was hurled against a stationary object
A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is consious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely?
Head injury
External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:
veins are under a lower pressure
An effective team leader should:
help the team accomplish goals
According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns; the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _______ of his or her total BSA.
1%
A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to:
unbold the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings
A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should:
suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds
A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:
cover both of is eyes and transport to the hospital
When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she:
may lose sensation below the level of the injury
Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following EXCEPT:
superficial scalp lacerations
Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:
air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung
Hemoptysis is defined as:
coughing up blood
A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should:
transport him in the position in which you found him
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?
The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding
A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. You shallow:
bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay
The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a:
dislocation
A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should:
provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully
Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse may cause:
ventricular fibrillation
After a baby is born, it is important to:
ensure that it is thoroughly dried and warmed
You are assessing a 25-year-old woman who is 39 weeks pregnant. She is experiencing regular contractions that are approximately 3 minutes apart and states that her amniotic sac broke 2 hours ago. After taking the standard precautions, you should:
assess her for crowning
The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is:
bradycardia
The components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) are:
appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation
Which of the following statements regarding a decreased level of consciousness in the elderly patient is correct?
A decreased level of consciousness is not a normal part of the aging process
Which of the following statements regarding communications with the elderly is correct?
Older patients have difficulty understanding when they are stressed
As many as 40% of patients with Down syndrome have:
a heart condition
If you could only take two pieces of equipment with you to a patient's side, in addition to the jump unit, you should choose the:
AED and portable suction unit
Which of the following is a typical function of the reuse team?
providing safe entry and access to patients
You are triaging patients at the scene of a multiple-vehicle crash when you encounter a young male who is unresponsive and is not breathing. After you open his airway, he begins to breathe at a rapid rate. According to the START triage system, you should:
tag him as immediate (red), place him in the recovery position, and move to the next patient
Which of the following statements regarding a "dirty bomb" is correct?
Dirty bombs could injure victims with both radioactive material and the explosive material used to deliver it
