BIOM1060 Lecture Notes Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on BIOM1060 lecture notes, focusing on key terms and concepts from the course.

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments designed to protect the wearer from injury or infection.

Anatomical position

A standard position of the body facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.

Homeostasis

The process by which a body maintains a stable internal environment.

Cell membrane

A bilayer structure that separates the interior of a cell from its external environment.

Passive transport

Movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy.

Active transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane using energy from ATP.

Diffusion

The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Tonicity

The ability of a solution to affect the shape of a cell by altering its internal water volume.

Isotonic solution

A solution that has the same osmolarity as the cell interior, resulting in no net movement of water.

Hypotonic solution

A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cell interior, causing the cell to swell.

Hypertonic solution

A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell interior, causing the cell to shrink.

Endocytosis

The process by which a cell engulfs material from the outside to bring it into the cell.

Exocytosis

The process by which substances are expelled from a cell via vesicles.

Na+-K+ pump

A membrane protein that pumps sodium out of and potassium into the cell, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Membrane potential

The voltage difference across a cell's plasma membrane that results from the differential distribution of ions.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

The main energy currency of cells that powers most cellular functions.

Neurons

The fundamental units of the nervous system that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals.

Glia (neuroglia)

Supportive cells in the nervous system that maintain homeostasis and form myelin.

Cellular respiration

The metabolic processes that convert food into energy in the form of ATP.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

An organelle that creates a network of membranes within cells, involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that processes, sorts, and ships proteins and lipids produced in the ER.

Lysosome

A membrane-bound organelle containing enzymes that digest macromolecules.

Peroxisome

An organelle that contains enzymes that detoxify harmful substances.

Membrane transport

The mechanisms that regulate the movement of substances across cellular membranes.

Concentration gradient

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.