SDSU Anthropology 101 Chapter 14 Week 14 Inquizitive

_____ are the most dominant evolutionary force on all other living organisms.

Humans

What does the World Health Organization predict will happen to the global risk of negative health outcomes (e.g., disease, infection, and death) due to global warming by 2030?

The global risk of negative health outcomes will increase.

Those who live in rural areas face a greater risk of infectious disease than those who live in cities.

False

Children in rural Oaxaca have developed shorter, rounder heads and narrower faces because of a diet of _____ foods

softer

How many American adults are now either overweight or obese?

two-thirds

One of these forces is the major driver of biodiversity loss. Drag and drop it to the photo of the golden lion tamarin, a species that is endangered due to this force.

human population density

Global warming occurs when the temperature of any single location on Earth increases over time.

False

How might humans mitigate the negative impacts that the forces of climate change and population growth will have on Earth? Choose the most likely answer.

by creating innovative technology

It is apparent that human evolution _____ continue in the future.

will

The geologic epoch that we currently live in is commonly referred to by scientists as the _____.

Anthropocene

What major differences in American morphology have arisen between 1850 and now? Drag and drop the trends to the graph that they describe.

top - taller

bottom - heavier

If global warming continues to occur at its present rate, the temperature of many regions on Earth will become _____ and their climates will become _____.

hotter / drier

Match the following descriptions to the trend that they fit.

less likely to have allergies:

• a child who eats more fresh fruits and vegetables

• a child who grew up in a remote area

more likely to have allergies:

• a child who overuses antibiotics

• a child who grows up with a lot of siblings

• a child who grew up next to a major road

Match the following forces to the effects that they have.

more morbid conditions associated with aging (e.g., osteoarthritis, cancers, heart disease): technology

increased demands on food production: population increase

promotion of disease vectors (e.g., mosquitoes, rodents, ticks, and the pathogens such organisms carry): global warming

declines in biodiversity: population increase

negative impacts on food production: global warming

One of these trends best describes the U.S. life expectancy data presented in the graph below. Drag and drop it to the graph.

Life expectancy has increased by ~30 years in the United States since 1900

Which of the following forces are responsible for the ongoing evolution of modern human biology and culture? Drag each answer choice to the box where it best fits.

population growth / an increase in modern technology / global warming

Which of the following trends are likely to occur in the future?

humans will continue to consume energy / humans will have less land to farm / humans will continue to use technology

The increase in global population due ultimately to agriculture may cause which of the following negative effects?

increase spread of infectious disease / increases in crowding, leading to poor sanitation

Evolutionary biologists have already predicted what future human evolution will look like.

False

Which fossil fuel has had the greatest impact on global warming?

coal

Which of the following groups of effects are due to population increase? Click on the image to choose your answer.

2nd box from top

How long ago did lighter skin develop in humans?

Lighter skin developed relatively recently

The graph below compares the rate of hip fracture among Hong Kong women in 1966 and in 1985. It also displays data for a control group (British women) from 1986. What is the reason for the change in hip fractures among Hong Kong women over time?

an increase in inactivity

It is good for kids to play in the dirt because exposure to microbes stimulates the immune system.

True

The major effects of global warming are that ice masses around the world are _____ and sea levels are _____.

melting / rising

What will happen to the biodiversity of most nations by 2050?

Biodiversity will decrease.

Why do scientists think that the H2 haplotype is likely a current example of natural selection at work on the genes of Icelanders?

H2 women have 3.5% more children than non-H2 women.

Is it good or bad to be exposed to endotoxins? Click on your answer in the image below.

Good

Match the following events in human evolution to the statement that best describes them.

This event could not have contributed to the trend of anthropogenic global warming:

• Tropical forests appeared at the beginning of the Eocene

• Widespread plant and animal extinctions occurred during the Oligocene

This event could have contributed to the trend of anthropogenic global warming:

• The Industrial Revolution occurred during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

• The advent of farming occured at the beginning of the Holocene

• The use of fire began in the late Pleistocene

Which of the following statements are true about global warming?

• Global warming is the warming of Earth's surface temperature due to the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels

• Global warming impacts organisms other than humans

• Global warming could have continued negative effects on human health

Modern humans continue to evolve as their environment changes.

True

After age 40, all adults experience _____, or age-related bone loss. This is a risk of having a longer life span.

osteoporosis

Which of the following is a reasonable evaluation of evolution in humans today?

• Human activities affect many of the pathogens that create disease. Thus, those pathogens are part of our evolutionary context.

• Humans have become one of the most dominant evolutionary forces on the planet, affecting many organisms.

How can scientists use ice cores (like the one pictured below) to provide the best evidence of global warming? Drag and drop the correct answer to the picture.

They can compare the relative abundance of stable isotopes of oxygen found in each layer of ice.

Which of the following are true about being overweight or obese?

• It increases the risk of... cardiovascular disease / diabetes / respiratory disorders

Which of the following are reasons why infectious diseases are more prominent in cities than they are in rural areas?

• Cities are more densely packed with humans than rural areas.

• Cities have lower levels of sanitation than rural areas.

• Cities have a greater concentration of roads and rooftops than rural areas.

On which of the following organisms has human technology had an evolutionary impact?

All of them

Did Oaxacans develop shorter, rounder heads and narrower faces due to dietary changes relatively slowly or relatively quickly? Click on your answer in the image below.

Fast

One of these trends best describes the climate change data presented in the graph below. Drag and drop it to the graph.

Global surface temperature has gradually increased over the past century.

The map below displays the levels of human mortality that will occur by 2030 due to climate change. Click on the area where the most people are predicted to die because of climate change-related health issues (e.g., malnutrition, communicable diseases, and cardiovascular disease).

The larger land

Match the following types of economies to the dietary patterns they could be expected to have.

lower fat, lower sugar:

• household-based subsistence

• agricultural

• fishing

higher fat, higher sugar:

wage labor