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what is the cognitive scripts model
aggressive behavior is learned through daily experiences and can be resistant to change
cognitive scripts model founder
Huesmann
what is copycat crime/contagion effect ?
A tendency in some people to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
what is displaced aggression theory?
aggression directed at a target as a replacement for the individual who is the real source of anger
ASSOCIATED WITH RUMINATION
what is the ethological viewpoint?
humans are programmed to be aggressive to defend
when do gender differences emerge?
preschool years
what are gender differences due to?
cultural and socialization processes
what kind of aggression do girls engage in?
relationship and interpersonal
general aggression model
a modern theory of aggression suggesting that aggression is triggered by a wide range of input variables that influence arousal, affective stages, and cognitions
What does General Aggression Model state?
aggression and violence depend on
how an individual perceives social environment
expectations about the likelihood of various outcomes
knowledge and beliefs about how people usually respond in certain situation
the degree to which a person believes he or she has the ability to respond effectively
Hostile Attribution Model
youth and adults prone toward violence are more likely to interpret ambiguous actions as hostile and threatening than are their less aggressive counterparts. people with this bias are twice as likely to see aggressive actions from others where there are none. this begins to develop during preschool years.
I3 Theory
provides an organized structure for understanding the process by which a given factor promotes aggression and how multiple risk factors interrelate to create or reduce aggression.
parts of I3 theory
instigating triggers
impelling forces
inhibiting forces
Observational Modeling
We watch what others do and the consequences of their behavior in particular situations
Reactive-Impulsive Aggression
an aggressive behavior in response to some provocation with a goal to make the victim suffer
Weapons Effect
Suggestion that the mere presence of a weapon leads a witness or victim to concentrate on the weapon itself rather than other features of the crime
Callous Unemotional Trait Theory
- severe and chronic patterns of antisocial behavior beyond conduct disorder
- cluster of traits consistent with adult psychopaths
- predictive of lifelong, persistent offending
Coercion Developmental Theory
Poor parental monitoring of child activities, disruptive family transitions, and inconsistent parental discipline are major psychosocial contributors to early-onset delinquency
Gender Differences in Juv Delinquency
boys outnumber girls in offending
girls are more likely to run away because of home issues
Moffitt's Developmental Theory paths
life course persistent offenders
adolescence - limited offender (begin in adolescence and stop around 18)
Multisystemic Therapy
A form of family therapy originally developed to treat antisocial behaviors in youth.
key factors in multisystemic therapy
changes in caregiver discipline practices
reduction in youth associations with deviant peers
Psychological Definition of Delinquency
conduct disorder- a diagnostic term used to represent a group of behaviors characterized by habitual misbehavior
antisocial behavior- serious habitual misbehavior, especially a behavioral pattern that involves direct and harmful actions against others
Selective Prevention
secondary prevention that targets high risk kids - early detection and intervention to prevent serius habitual offending
what is the perry school project?
example of selective prevention directed at the cognitive and social development op high risk young kids
Status Offenses
actions that are illegal when committed by a minor
tabulated by national center for juvenile justice
Steinberg's Dual Systems Theory
cognitive control and socioemotional control develop at different speeds.
cognitive develops by 16 - but both paths dont merge until 25
what is the Autonomic Nervous System?
controls emotional behavior and responsivity
divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
ANS in psychopaths
under responsive - they do not learn to avoid aversive situations and lack anxiety
Childhood of the Psychopath
- Begins in childhood and continues throughout adulthood
- Hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention problems and conduct problems
- Parental neglect
- Negative school experiences
- Life-course-persistent offenders
two factor position of psychopathy
1 - interpersonal and emotional traits (lack of remorse/guilt, manipulation, callousness)
2- socially deviant lifestyle (impulsive, reckless)
The Three-Factor Position
1 - arrogant and deceptive interpersonal style
2- impulsive and irresonsiple lifestyle
3- deficient emotional experience
The Four-Factor Model of psychopathy
1. interpersonal
2. lifestyle
3. affective
4. antisocial tendencies
Triarchic Psychopathy Model (TriPM)
Represents the major three traits that some scholars argue best describe psychopathic
1 - meanness
2- disinhibition
3- boldness
Criminal Psychopath
1% of population
most violent and persistent offenders
high rates of recidivism
Dark Triad
Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy
Dyssocial Psychopaths
display aggressive, antisocial behavior they have learned from their subculture, like their gangs, terrorist groups, or families.
Secondary psychopath
individual with psychopathic characteristics, but who commits antisocial acts because of severe emotional problems or inner conflicts
primary psychopath
a "true" psychopath has certain identifiable psychological, emotional, cognitive, and biological differences that distinguish him or her from the general or criminal population.
Neurobiological Factors
temperament
CNS
PNS
The Female Psychopath
Less prevalent than males
Lower scores on PCL-R
Lack of realistic long-term goals
Numerous marital relationships
Wide range of crime
Treatment of Criminal Psychopaths
-Research indicates that adult psychopaths are not responsive to treatment.
-Large doses of treatment are needed.
-Evaluation is difficult due to skillful manipulation
Principal Traits of Psychopaths
Selfishness•
Inability to love or gain affection•
Egocentricity•
Flat affect•
Little contact with family•
Disregard for truth•
Lack of remorse or guilt
Stimulation seeking