Language

This one will be lighter than the content we need to know so do more reading

Outline the process of hyper-scanning

Outline the process of hyper-scanning

Measuring two brains simultaneously using electro-dermal methods

What can be observed when hyper scanning two people engaging in conversation?

Their brain waves synchronize

What is the term given to the ability to learn localisations that are not innate to ourselves?

Vocal learning

What elements of spoken dialogue can children understand before they can understand language?

Intonation and rhythm

What are the three main rules about language at the neural level?

Hierarchical system, Modular components and follows strict cultural rules

What are two linguistically abilities can humans can do that animals cannot?

Conveying tenses and hypothetical situations, and the creation of new words

What are the three main functions that are the same between all languages globally?

Speech acts, communication and abstract thinking

What did Chomsky conclude from his theories of language acquisition?

Language is genetically coded

What are the six levels in language processing?

Decoding Phonemes, Mental lexicon, Lexical semantics, Syntactical processing, semantics and discourse integration

What are the 4 levels of language representation in the brain?

Phonetic, Phonological, Semantic, Syntactic

What are the three representations of words that we have neurally?

Orthographic, Phonological and Semantic

How can the tip of the tongue phenomena be explained by the three word representations?

We cannot retrieve the phonological structure of the word from our lexicon

Outline speech segmentation

individual words can be perceived regardless of whether there is an appropriate break in a spoken sentence

What type of process is speech segmentation?

Top-down

Outline phonemic restoration

selective listening to ‘fill in the gaps’ in broken spoken language

what type of process is phonemic restoration?

Top down

What does the condition Brocca’s aphasia cause?

Difficulty processing syntax

What does the condition Wernicke’s aphasia cause?

Difficulty processing semantics

What concept is neural language prediction based off?

Lexical frequency

Outline the concept of a biased meaning dominance?

If a word has multiple meanings we will predict the meaning that appears more frequently

What if the meanings of one word appear at an equal frequency?

The word has a balanced meaning dominance

In lexical decision tasks which words are reacted to the quickest?

High frequency words or words that fit the context of the previous word shown

What does coherence mean in terms of discourse processing?

The assumption that certain semantic elements of a text will remain continuous throughout

Outline anaphoric coherence

Character remains consistent in a story (unless stated otherwise)

Outline instrument inference

Assuming the tool from the action i.e. stabbing

Outline causal coherence

Events are connected within the phrase

Outline mental simulation in language

if an action is mentioned in a sentence, activation is seen in the Motor, Parietal and Temporal lobes

Outline the theory of the mind

An individuals perspectives and knowledge differ from our own

What happens to the pace of conversation when both speakers know each other well?

it increases

What happens to the differences in individuals language structure as their converse together overtime?

Their language structures begin to align

What is the Sapir-Warf Hypothesis?

A culture’s language influences the way people think

True or false: All languages have the same basic colour terms?

False

True or False: The evolution of basic colour terms is the same across all languages?

True

What is the name given to the method we use to group words together to create meaning?

Parsing

What happens to the ERP level when a person observes a word in a phrase that does not match the overall context?

Increases/Spikes

Outline Syntax first parsing

We parse phrases together by the sentence structure first opposed to using pragmatic meaning

Outline late closure

All words following the original word will be parsed into the same phrase

Outline the interactionist approach to parsing

We parse phrases using both syntax and semantics together