unit 13: professional ethics & code of conduct

Professional Ethics

* standards of behavior in one’s **personal life, occupation, and workplace**
* principles that **govern a person’s behavior in the workplace or work environment**
* **set of rules** by which professionals should act toward other people in the place of work
* sound moral and ethical principles

Professional Conduct

* **application** of ethics, morals, standards of behavior
* specific examples, cases, and situations on **how to use ethics in the workplace**
* **maintain** his/her ethical behavior and to show good professional conduct

To profess

to make a public declaration, or commitment to serve for a good end

Professional Code of Ethics

* **personal and corporate standards of behavior** expected from and by a professional
* how professionals are to **pursue their common ideals and to protect each professional from certain pressures**
* clear set of **obligations** based on __tradition, society’s expectations, contracts, laws, and rules of ordinary morality__
* obligations to their __employers, clients, customers, other professionals, the profession itself, and the society__ in general
* **Value** statements and **serve** like the Constitution
* guide behavior and outline set of principles for decision making

> “treating others the way we would like to be treated”

Professional Code of Conduct

* Provide the **action → code of ethics**
* **apply the codes of ethic**s to particular and relevant situations
* List of guidelines or conditions
* **Official documents that clearly define how a professional or a company employee should behave** in the workplace on a daily basis

* Honesty
* Trustworthiness
* Loyalty
* Respect for others
* Adherence to the law
* Doing good
* Avoiding harm to others
* Accountability

### Professional Code of Conduct

Ethical Principles

Build confidence in profession’s **trustworthiness**

### Professional Code of Conduct: ***Benefits***

* Wholeheartedly knowing the professional ethics & conduct

Greater **transparency and certainty**

### Professional Code of Conduct: ***Benefits***

* how clients’ affairs are handled

Supporting **framework**

### Professional Code of Conduct: ***Benefits***

* **resisting** **pressure** to act inappropriately, making acceptable decision in what may be **“gray areas”**

collegiality

### Professional Code of Conduct: ***Benefits***

* Provide **common understanding** of acceptable practice which builds ___, allows for **fairer disciplinary procedures**

Code of Ethics

may **state** that all professionals shall “observe confidentiality”

Code of Conduct

may provide a **list of guidelines or conditions** in implementing confidentiality

* An ethical **commitment**
* A personal resolve to **act ethically**
* knowing what is right or wrong
* ability to engage in sound moral reasoning and consider carefully the implications of alternative actions

**General** Principle of Professional Conduct

Ethical awareness

knowing what is **right or wrong**

Ethical competency

ability to engage in **sound moral reasoning** and consider carefully the implications of alternative actions

Service to Others

### Specific Principles of Professional Conduct

* Professionals are committed to a **life of service to others**
* Prepared for **heroic sacrifice and genuine selflessness**, even at the expense of personal gain

Integrity and Objectivity

### Specific Principles of Professional Conduct

* Professionals shall perform their responsibilities with the **highest sense of integrity and imbued with nationalism and spiritual values**
* Maintain **objectivity**, be free of conflicts of interest, refrain from engaging in activity that would prejudice their abilities to carry out their duties ethically

Professional Competence

### Specific Principles of Professional Conduct

* Professionals shall, therefore, undertake only those professional services that **they can reasonably deliver with professional competence**
* Obligation to **keep up with new knowledge and techniques**, continually improve their skills, upgrade their level of competence, take part in lifelong continuing education program

Solidarity and Teamwork

### Specific Principles of Professional Conduct

* Professionals should put the broader interest of the profession **above one’s personal ambition and preference**
* **Nurture and support one organization** for all its members
* **Teamwork within a cohesive professional organization** in effectively observing ethical practices, pursuing continuing professional development , deepening one’s social and civic responsibility

Social and Civic Responsibility

### Specific Principles of Professional Conduct

* Professionals shall always carry out their professional duties with **due consideration of the broader interest of the public**
* Serve the public with **professional concern and in a manner consistent with their responsibilities** to society
* Actively contribute to the **country’s national objectives**

Global Competitiveness

### Specific Principles of Professional Conduct

* Professionals shall remain open to challenges of a **more dynamic interconnected world**
* Rise up to **global standards**
* Maintain levels of professional practices fully **aligned with global best practices**

Equality of All Professions

### Specific Principles of Professional Conduct

* Professionals shall **treat their colleagues with respect and shall strive to be fair** in their dealings with one another

Executive Order 220

DIRECTING THE **ADOPTION OF THE CODE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE** FOR THE PROFESSIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

“the sustained development of a reservoir of national talents consisting of **Filipino scientist** xxx __**professionals**__ xxx high-level technical manpower xxx shall be promoted by the State.”

### Executive Order 220

Section 14, Article XII

good governance

### Executive Order 220

one pillar of a strong republic

PRC Modernization Act of 2000

### Executive Order 220

Republic Act No. **8981**

Adoption of the Code of Good Governance

### Executive Order 220

* promote and establish **ethical awareness and competency**
* to make them **accountable** to their public liability and fully **fulfill their professional obligation**

keep them abreast with **modern trends and technology**

### Executive Order 220

the Code will empower professionals not only to **upgrade or improve** their technical and ethical proficiency but also to ___

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

### Executive Order 220

President

The **Code of Good Governance** for the Professions in the Philippines shall be **adopted by all registered professionals**

### Executive Order 220

Section 1

Governance Advisory Council and the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)

### Executive Order 220

**Section 2**: ___ directed to __undertake__ __measures__, including networking with government agencies and civil society, __to effectively implement and enforce__ the Code through the **Professional Regulatory Boards (PRBs)**

Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)

### Executive Order 220

**Section 3:** The ___ issue the necessary guidelines and procedures for the enforcement of the Code.

June 23, 2003

### Executive Order 220

Approval Date

professional privileges, behaviors, and responsibilities

### Main Objective of Professional Code of Ethics


1. To **define** ___ towards the members of the community in general

professional quality, professional conduct, and a moral method of procedures

### Main Objective of Professional Code of Ethics


2. To **promote** ___

undue interference by the government or by other agencies

### Main Objective of Professional Code of Ethics


3. To defend **private professions** from ___

dignity

### Main Objective of Professional Code of Ethics


4. To **preserve** the ___ of the profession and the confidence of the public

unscrupulous individuals

### Main Objective of Professional Code of Ethics


5. To defend **clients** from ___

compensations

### Main Objective of Professional Code of Ethics


6. To fix certain standards of the ___ for services or work

fairness and brotherhood

### Code of Ethics of MTs

Act in a spirit of ___ toward other members of the profession

there is no conflict of interest

### Code of Ethics of MTs

Accept employment from more than one employer only when ___

constructive limits

### Code of Ethics of MTs

Restrict my praises, criticisms, views, and opinions within ___

strictly confidential

### Code of Ethics of MTs

Treat any information I acquired in the course of my work as ___

promote life and benefit mankind

### Code of Ethics of MTs

Be dedicated to the use of clinical laboratory science to ___

authorized agency and to the ethics committee of the organization

### Code of Ethics of MTs

Report any violations of the above principles of the professional conduct to ___

professional

### Code of Ethics of MTs

Accept the responsibilities inherent to being a ___

Pre-Analytical Phase

### Ethics in the Laboratory

* Informed consent
* All tests benefit to the patient
* Access to all tests at reasonable cost

Analytical Phase

### Ethics in the Laboratory

* Right to decline specimen examined
* Best possible analytical result to patient
* No discrimination in examination of patients’ sample on the basis of gender, age, or race

Post-Analytical Phase

### Ethics in the Laboratory

* Reporting
* Interpretation of results
* Residual specimen
* Data access

* Respect for Persons
* Beneficence
* Justice

### Ethics in the Laboratory

3 Basic Principles