Microbiology Flashcards

Flashcards of bacterium, disease, symptom, prevention, treatment, and reservoir.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A bacterium that causes tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis

Disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resulting in cough, difficulty breathing, and lung damage.

Cough, difficulty breathing, lung damage

Symptoms of tuberculosis include:

BCG vaccine, early detection, complete treatment

Prevention methods for tuberculosis include:

Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

Treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Humans

The reservoir for Mycobacterium tuberculosis is:

Latent carriers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Individuals especially at risk for tuberculosis are:

Mycobacterium leprae

Bacterium that causes leprosy (Hansen’s disease).

Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)

Disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, characterized by skin lesions and nerve damage.

Skin lesions, nerve damage, loss of fingers/toes, facial disfigurement

Symptoms of leprosy include:

Avoid skin contact in endemic areas and maintaining good hygiene

Prevention measures against leprosy include:

Reservoir for Mycobacterium leprae

Humans in crowded, poor hygiene conditions

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A bacterium known for causing pneumonia, UTIs, eye infections, endocarditis and meningitis.

Pneumonia

Infection that may be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Respiratory difficulties, lung infection

Symptoms of Pneumonia include:

Infection control in hospitals, hygiene, clean water systems

Prevention for pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves:

Water, soil, hospital equipment, faucets, showerheads

The reservoirs for Pseudomonas aeruginosa are:

UTIs

Infection that may be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that included symptoms such as painful urination, frequent urge to urinate, cloudy urine

Proper hygiene, avoiding catheter-associated infections

Prevention for UTIs caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves:

Human intestines (E. coli source), hospital surfaces

Source of E. coli and surface where pseudomonas grow.

Eye redness, discharge, pain, impaired vision

Symptoms of eye infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa include:

Proper contact lens hygiene and avoiding contaminated water

Prevention for eye infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves:

Endocarditis

Another infection that may be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Fever, fatigue, heart murmur, shortness of breath

The symptoms of Endocarditis include:

Sterile medical equipment, manage predisposing heart conditions

Prevention of endocarditis includes:

Ceftazidime + aminoglycoside

The extended antibiotic therapy for Endocarditis includes:

Meningitis

An infection that may be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Fever, headache, stiff neck, confusion

Symptoms of meningitis include:

Avoid contaminated equipment, monitor immunocompromised patients

Prevention of Meningitis includes:

Bubonic Plague

Disease caused by Yersinia pestis that is categorized by swollen lymph nodes, fever, cough, and tissue necrosis.

Avoiding contact with rodents/fleas in endemic areas

Prevention of bubonic plague involves:

Streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline

Treatment for bubonic plague involves using:

Rodents

The reservoir for Yersinia pestis.

Pneumonic Plague

Disease caused by Yersinia pestis categorized by fever, cough, lung damage, and respiratory distress.

Avoiding contact with infected individuals and flea control

Prevention of pneumonic plague involves:

Septicemic Plague

Rare disease caused by Yersinia pestis.

Hemorrhaging, tissue necrosis, septicemia

Symptoms of the Septicemic Plague include:

Treponema pallidum

Bacterium responsible for causing syphilis.

Syphilis

Disease caused by Treponema pallidum.

sores, rash, organ damage, neurological symptoms (depends on stage)

Symptoms of syphilis include:

Safe sex, prenatal testing

Prevention of Syphilis:

Penicillin G, doxycycline

Treatment of Syphilis:

Humans

Reservoir for Treponema pallidum.

Primary Stage

Stage of Syphilis in which Symptoms of painless genital sores, highly infectious are present.

Secondary Stage

Stage of Syphilis in which Symptoms of body rash, mucous membrane lesions appear.

Tertiary Stage

Late stage of Syphilis in which neurological disorders and organ damage may occur.

Borrelia hermsii

A bacterium that causes relapsing fever.

Relapsing fever

Disease caused by Borrelia hermsii .

Symptoms of Relapsing fever

Recurring fever, chills, headache, nausea, joint pain

Prevention of Relapsing fever

Avoid tick exposure

Reservoir of Borrelia hermsii

Wild mammals (squirrels, chipmunks; transmitted by ticks)

Borrelia burgdorferi

A bacterium that causes Lyme disease.

Lyme disease

Disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.

Prevention of Lyme disease

Tick avoidance, protective clothing

Reservoir for Borrelia burgdorferi

Deer, mice (ticks transmit to humans)

Vibrio cholerae

A bacterium that causes cholera.

Cholera

Disease caused by Vibrio cholerae.

Profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration

Symptoms of cholera include:

Prevention of Cholera

Clean water, sanitation, cholera vaccine

Treatment for Cholera

Treatment includes rehydration and antibiotics such as doxycycline or azithromycin.

Reservoir for Vibrio cholerae

Contaminated water

Helicobacter pylori

A bacterium that causes Ulcers.

Prevention of Ulcers

Good hygiene, avoid contaminated food/water

Reservoir of Helicobacter pylori

Humans (stomach lining)

Chlamydia trachomatis

A bacterium that causes Chlamydia (STI), eye infections, pneumonia

Symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis

Often asymptomatic; can include discharge, pain, blindness (eye cases)

Prevention of Chlamydia trachomatis

Safe sex, screening

Reservoir for Chlamydia trachomatis

Humans

Bacillus cereus

A bacterium that causes Food poisoning

Symptoms of Bacillus cereus

Vomiting, diarrhea, Nausea

Prevention of Bacillus cereus

Proper food handling and storage

Reservoir for Bacillus cereus

Soil, contaminated food (e.g., rice)

Bacillus anthracis

A bacterium that causes Anthrax.

Prevention of Anthrax

Vaccination (high-risk groups), avoid contaminated animal products

Treatment for Anthrax

Ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, antitoxin

Reservoir for Bacillus anthracis

Soil

Symptoms of Cutaneous Anthrax

Bump/raised area, Lesion with black center (black eschar), Swelling, Fever, Headaches

Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Anthrax

Fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, Swollen neck (due to lymph node involvement)

Symptoms of Pulmonary Anthrax

Fever, sore throat, nausea, muscle aches, respiratory failure,Shortness of breath, Coughing up blood

Clostridium perfringens

A bacterium that causes Gas Gangrene.

Symptoms of Gas Gangrene

Tissue necrosis, gas in tissues, foul odor

Prevention of Gas Gangrene

Immediate wound care, sterilization, prophylactic antibiotics

Tuberculosis

Symptoms of tuberculosis include: cough, difficulty breathing, and lung damage.

Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)

Symptoms of leprosy include: skin lesions, nerve damage, loss of fingers/toes, facial disfigurement

Pneumonia

Symptoms of Pneumonia include: Respiratory difficulties, lung infection

UTIs

Infection that may be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that included symptoms such as painful urination, frequent urge to urinate, cloudy urine

Eye infections

Symptoms of eye infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa include: Eye redness, discharge, pain, impaired vision

Endocarditis

The symptoms of Endocarditis include: Fever, fatigue, heart murmur, shortness of breath

Meningitis

Symptoms of meningitis include: Fever, headache, stiff neck, confusion

Bubonic Plague

Bubonic Plague Disease is categorized by swollen lymph nodes, fever, cough, and tissue necrosis.

Pneumonic Plague

Pneumonic Plague categorized by fever, cough, lung damage, and respiratory distress

Septicemic Plague

Symptoms of the Septicemic Plague include: Hemorrhaging, tissue necrosis, septicemia

Syphilis

Symptoms of syphilis include: sores, rash, organ damage, neurological symptoms (depends on stage)

Relapsing fever

Symptoms of Relapsing fever: Recurring fever, chills, headache, nausea, joint pain

Cholera

Symptoms of cholera include: Profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration

Chlamydia trachomatis

Symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis: Often asymptomatic; can include discharge, pain, blindness (eye cases)

Food poisoning

Symptoms of Bacillus cereus: Vomiting, diarrhea, Nausea

Cutaneous Anthrax

Symptoms of Cutaneous Anthrax: Bump/raised area, Lesion with black center (black eschar), Swelling, Fever, Headaches

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Anthrax: Fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, Swollen neck (due to lymph node involvement)

Pulmonary Anthrax

Symptoms of Pulmonary Anthrax: Fever, sore throat, nausea, muscle aches, respiratory failure,Shortness of breath, Coughing up blood