Network Protocols and TCP and UDP ports

Telnet (TCP (23))

Terminal emulation. Allows user on a remote client to access resources of another machine (Tell em Micheal Jordon (Jersey number 23) hits nothing but net), provides username and password authentication, unencrypted traffic

File-Transfer Protocol (FTP) (TCP 20,21)

Protocol that lets you transfer files across an IP network (Date at 20? Full time partier until I turned 21 and got some control)

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) (UDP 69)

Stripped down, stock version of FTP, but it’s the protocol of choice. No authentication and sends much smaller data, no directory browsing

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) (TCP 25)

Answering ubiquitous call to email, uses a spooled, or queued method of mail delivery, sending email messages from client devices and server

SMTP (TLS)

Port 587

Post Office Protocol (POP) (TCP 110)

Gives storage facility for incoming mail, POP3. A client device connects to a POP3 server and messages addressed to the client are released for downloading

POP3S

SSL/TLS Port 995

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAPv4) (TCP 143)

Control over how you download your mail, with it can gain security. IMAP gives you search commands, same function as POP3, more functionality to POP3

IMAP Secure

SSL/TLS Port 993

Session Initial Protocol (SIP) (VOIP) (TCP or UDP 5060/TCP 5061)

Popular signaling protocol used to construct and deconstruct multimedia communication sessions for many things like voice and video calls.

H.323 (Video) (TCP 1720)

Standard for video on an IP network that defines how real-time audio, video is transmitted

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (Agent: UDP 161) (Management: UDP 162)

Collects and manipulates valuable network information. Gathers data by polling devices on the network from management station at fixed or random intervals. Receives baseline info and can stand as a watchdog over the network and notify sudden events

Network Time Protocol (NTP) (UDP 123)

Used to synchronize the clocks on computers to one time

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) (TCP 389)

System admin of decent network, directory to keep track of all network resources (RFC 1487 and 1777 and RFC 3377)

Server Message Block (SMB) (TCP 445)

Used for sharing access to files and printers and other communications between hosts on windows network

Domain Name Service (DNS) (TCP and UDP 53)

Resolves host names specifically internet names from IP address

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP) (UDP 67/68)

Assigns IP addresses to hosts with information provided by a server. Allows easier administration and works well in small and large networks

Bootstrap Protocol (BootP)

Assigns an IP address to a host, but the host’s hardware address must be entered manually in the BootP table (DHCP is dynamic BootP)

Transport Control Protocol (TCP)

Takes large blocks of information. (3-way handshake) connection oriented

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Scaled down model (Thin protocol). Doesn’t take up much bandwidth. Connectionless

Internet Protocol (IP)

The Internet layer, software address, each packet is assigned the IP address of the sender and recipient (RFC 791)

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

Works at the Network layer and is used by IP for many different services. generates error messages and troubleshoot problems for IP packets

Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)

tunneling protocol

IPsec

Authentication Header (AH) for authentication and integrity, ESP for authentication,integrity, and confidentiality. Provides encryption for transport mode

Microsoft Structured Query Language (SQL)

Port 1433

Syslog

Port 514

Directory Service SSL/TLS

Port 636