AP gov unit 3 must know court cases, 10 amendments

Miranda v. Arizona

police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning, right to remain silent; forced self-incrimination is illegal; 5th Amendment, 14th Amendment

Mapp v. Ohio

illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial; 4th Amendment (exclusionary rule)

Gideon v. Wainwright

defendants must be provided representation without charge; 5th Amendment, 6th Amendment, 14th Amendment

Engel v. Vitale

government written prayers were not to be recited in public schools; violated the establishment clause; 1st Amendment, Establishment Clause

Lemon v. Kurtzman

making state financial aid to "church"-related educational institutions was illegal; violated the Establishment Clause; 1st Amendment

Schenck v. U.S.

during wartime, the U.S. government could limit free speech as a means to prevent a clear and present danger to the American people; 1st Amendment, limitations on freedom of speech

New York Times v. U.S.

the Nixon Administration's attempt to prevent the NY Times' publication of the Pentagon Papers violated 1st Amendment freedoms; 1st Amendment, freedom of the press

Plessy v. Ferguson

established the separate-but-equal doctrine; said that as long as the separate facilities were equal, then they were legal; 14th Amendment, Equal Protection Clause

Brown v. Board of Education

overturned Plessy v. Ferguson; separate-but-equal was inherently unequal; 14th Amendment, Equal Protection Clause

McDonald v. Chicago

2nd Amendment must be carried out in state and local laws

Winsconsin v. Yoder

up to 16 years going to school is compulsary overthrown, can be homeschooled for religious purposes; 1st amendment, free exercise clause

Tinker v. Des Moines

Students protested the Vietnam War with black wristbands in school, ruled constitutional; 1st amendment, free speech clause, symbolic speech

Roth v. US

Mailed obscene stuff, obscenity is not protected under free speech clause; 1st amendment, free speech clause

Miller v. CA

Defining obscenity through the Comstock Act as an average person in contemporary standards; 1st amendment, free speech clause

Roe v. Wade

Privacy rights extends to women’s reproductive decisions, abortion rights; 14th amendment, due process

1st amendment

freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition; establishment clause (cannot establish nationa religion or force others to follow one), free exercise clause (anyone can believe in their own religion, practices can be limited)

2nd amendment

right to keep and bear arms

3rd amendment

no soldiers to be quartered in homes

4th amendment

no search and seizure without a warrant

5th amendment

when accused of crime, you can have a grand jury, no double jeapordy

6th amendment

impartial jury and other protections for person accused of a crime, right to counsel

7th amendment

right to trial by jury

8th amendment

no cruel or unusual punishment, no excessive bail or fine

9th amendment

protection of rights not listed in the in the bill of rights

10th amendment

powers not given to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states