medical terminology chp.16 (chabner, language of medicine)

adip/o, lip/o

fat

caus/o

burn, burning

cauter/o

heat, burn

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

skin

erythem/o, erythemat/o

redness

hidr/o

sweat

ichthy/o

dry, scaly

kerat/o

hard

myc/o

fungus

onych/o, ungu/o

nail

phyt/o

plant

pil/o

hair

py/o

pus

rhytid/o

wrinkle

seb/o

sebum (secretion from sebaceous glands)

squam/o

scale-like

trich/o

hair

xer/o

dry

albin/o

white

anthrac/o, melan/o

black

chlor/o

green

cirrh/o

tawny yellow

cyan/o

blue

eosin/o

rosy

erythr/o

red

jaund/o, lute/o, xanth/o

yellow

leuk/o

white

poli/o

gray

adipocyte

fat cell

albinism

skin condition of melanin deficiency

apocrine sweat gland

one of large dermal exocrine glands located in axilla/genital areas

basal layer

deepest region of epidermis

collagen

structural protein found in skin/connective tissue

cuticle

band of epidermis surrounding base and sides of nail plate

dermis

middle layer of skin

eccrine sweat gland

most common sweat-producing exocrine gland in skin

epidermis

outermost layer of skin

epithelium

layer of skin cells forming outer and inner surfaces of body

hair follicle

sac in which individual hairs grow

integumentary system

skin and its accessory structures

keratin

hard protein found in epidermis, hair, nails

lunula

half-moon shape white area at base of nail

melanin

skin pigment formed by melanocytes in the epidermis

paronychium

soft tissue surrounding nail border

pore

opening on surface of the skin

sebaceous gland

oil-secreting glands in dermis

squamous epithelium

flat, scale-like cells making the epidermis

stratified, stratum (strata)

arranged in layers; a layer of cells

stratum corneum

outermost layer of epidermis consisting of flattened, keratinized cells

subcutaneous layer

innermost layer of skin, containing adipose

crust

collection of dried serum and cellular debris

cyst

thick-walled, close sac/pouch containing fluid or semisolid materials

erosion

wearing away or loss of the epidermis

fissure

sore resembling groove or cracks

macule

flat, pigmented lesion measuring < 1cm in diameter

nodule

solid, round, oval elevated lesion > 1cm diameter

papule

< 1cm solid elevation of skin

pustule

papule that contains pus

ulcer

open sore on skin or mucous membranes

vesicle

small collection of clear fluid; blister

wheal

smooth, edematous papule or plaque that is centrally redder than surrounding skin

alopecia

absence of hair from typical areas of growth

acne

chronic papular/pustular eruption of skin w/ increased sebum production

cellulitis

acute infection of skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, swelling

ecchymosis (pl. ecchymoses)

blue-purple mark on the skin-- bruise

eczema (atopic dermatitis)

inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papulosquamous lesions

exanthematous viral diseases

rash of skin due to viral infection

gangrene

death of tissue due to loss of blood supply

petechia (pl. petechiae)

pinpoint hemorrhage

psoriasis

chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques

pruritus

itching

scabies

contagious parasitic infection of skin with intense pruritus

scleroderma

chronic progressive disease of skin and internal organs w/ hardening and shrinking of connective tissue

systemic lupus erythematosus

chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, internal organs

tinea

infection of skin caused by fungus

urticaria

acute allergic reaction causing red wheals to develop on skin

vitiligo

loss of pigment in areas of skin

callus

increased growth of cells in keratin layer of epidermis caused by pressure or friction

keloid

excess hypertrophied/thickened scar developing post trauma or surgical incision

keratosis

thickened and rough lesion of epidermis

leukoplakia

white, thickened patches of mucous membrane tissue on tongue or cheek

nevus (pl. nevi)

pigmented lesion of the skin

verruca (pl. verrucae)

epidermal growth caused by a virus

basal cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of epidermis basal cell layer

Kaposi sarcoma

malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules

malignant melanoma

cancerous growth composed of melanocytes

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

bacterial analyses

examination of skin samples for presence of microorganisms

fungal tests

scrapings from skin lesions/hair specimen/nail clipping are cultured for microscopic identification of fungal infection

cryosurgery

using liquid nitrogen to achieve subfreezing temperatures for the purpose of destroying tissue

curettage

use of sharp dermal curette to scrape away a lesion

electrodesiccation

using an electric spark to destroy tissue

Mohs surgery

malignant tissue removed in thin layers and microscopically checked for adequate resection

skin biopsy

skin lesions removed or sampled to be examined by pathologist

skin test

substances injected intradermally or applied to skin to observe the results

abbreviation: ABCDE

asymmetry (of shape), border (irregularity), color (variation in one site), diameter (>6mm), evolution (change) -- used to identify potential melanoma

BCC

basal cell carcinoma

abbreviation: Bx

biopsy

DLE

discoid lupus erythematosus

PPD

purified protein derivative-- used in skin test for tuberculosis