Electronegativity and Intermediate Bonding

What is electronegativity?

Electronegativity is the relative tendency of an atom in a covalent bond in a molecule to attract electrons in a covalent bond to itself.

what are the most electronegative atoms?

Fluorine, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Chlorine

what is electronegativity measured on?

Pauling scale (0-4)

electronegativity of flourine?

4.0

factors affecting electronegativity?

Nuclear charge

Atomic radius

Shielding

electronegativity across a period?

increases

number of protons increases

atomic radius decreases because the electrons in the same shell are pulled in more

electronegativity down a period?

decreases

number of protons increases

atomic radius increases

shielding of inner electrons increases

what is intermediate bonding?

Ionic and covalent bonding are the extremes of a continuum of bonding type. Differences in electronegativity between elements can determine where a compound lies on this scale

what makes a compound covalent in terms of electronegativity?

contains elements of a similar electronegativity (small electronegativity difference)

what makes a compound ionic in terms of electronegativity?

contains elements of very different electronegativity (very large electronegativity difference- >1.7)