Chapter 1: Basics

Absolute zero

Absolute zero

________ is 0 K and is the point at which all molecular motion ceases.

Metalloids

________- have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

SI

The ________ unit for volume is the cubic meter (m3),

Ternary acids

________ are usually named with the suffixes ic or ous.

Metals

________- are solid (mercury being an exception) shiny, and good conductors of heat and electricity, they are malleable and ductile.

Prefixes

________ are used to indicate the number of each atom present.

Mathematical operations

________ are conducted with the units associated with the numbers, and these units are canceled until only the unit of the desired answer is left.

Robert Millikan

________ measured the charge on the electron in his oil- drop experiment (electron charge=- 1.6022 × 10- 19 coulombs), and from that, he calculated the mass of the electron.

complex paths

The negatively charged electrons move around the nucleus in ________, all of which compose the electron cloud.

vertical rows

The ________ are called groups or families.

definite shape

A gas has neither ________ nor volume.

JJ Thompson

1897 ________ discovered the existence of the first subatomic particle electron.

Nonmetals

________- poor conductors of heat and electricity, are not malleable or ductile.

square brackets

The ________ are omitted when the actual structure of the complex is uncertain.

regular framework

The particles that make up a solid are close together and many times are locked into a very ________ called a crystal lattice.

density

The ________ (D) of an object is calculated by dividing the mass of the object by its volume.

horizontal rows

Periods are ________ that have consecutive atomic numbers.

liquid

A(n) ________ has a definite volume and no definite shape.

X

________ represents the element symbol taken from the periodic table.

Ternary compounds

________ are those containing three or more elements.

electron affinity

The ________ (EA) is the energy change that results from adding an electron to an atom or ion.

1871

In ________, a Russian chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, introduced the first modern periodic table.

metal ion

If the ________ may exist in more than one oxidation state, this oxidation state should be listed, in Roman numerals, immediately after the name of the ________.

Ernest Rutherford

________, 1910, was investigating atomic structure by shooting positively charged alpha particles at a thin gold foil.

Dalton

________ thought that atoms of an element are the same and atoms of different elements are different.

Anionic complexes

________ always have names ending in ate.

Coordination

________ compounds contain a complex.

Carbon monoxide

________ is one of the very few cases where the prefix mono is used.

alkaline earth metals

The ________ have an oxidation number of +2 in all their compounds.

electronic configuration

The ________ is a condensed way of representing the pattern of electrons in an atom.

particular subshell

The electrons in a(n) ________ may be distributed among volumes of space of equal energies called orbitals.

Binary compounds

________ are compounds that consist of only two elements.

Oxidation numbers

________ are numbers that help to balance redox.

mass number

A is the ________, the sum of the protons and neutrons.

ionization energy

The ________ (IE) is the energy needed to completely remove an electron from an atom.

central atom

A complex is composed of a(n) ________, normally a metal, surrounded by atoms or groups of atoms called ligands.

square brackets

A complex may be recognized because it is enclosed in ________]

oxidation numbers

The sum of all the ________ in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge on the ion.

Binary compounds

________ may be subdivided into metal type, nonmetal type, and acid type.