Micro Lab 3 Questions

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28 Terms

1
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Small circular pieces of prokaryotic or eukaryotic DNA that is not associated with the cell's DNA is called __________.

extrachromosomal DNA

2
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Prokaryotic DNA is found in the __________ region and eukaryotic DNA is located in the ___________.

nucleoid, nucleus

3
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Determine if the properties listed on the left-hand side column are describing DNA or RNA.

- the sugar ribose: RNA

- nucleotides A,U,C,G: RNA

- used as a template for transcription: DNA

- nucleotides A,T,C,G: DNA

- translated to synthesize a polypeptide: RNA

- the sugar deoxyribose: DNA

- double stranded: DNA

- single stranded: RNA

4
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Which nitrogenous base is not found in RNA?

thymine

5
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What are the three component parts of a nucleotide?

- 5-carbon sugar

- phosphate group

- nitrogenous base

6
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What type of bonds are formed between nitrogenous bases on opposite strands of the DNA double helix?

hydrogen bond

7
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What mRNA sequence is synthesized using the DNA template strand AAT CCG AGG?

UUA GGC UCC

8
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What type of RNA codes for proteins?

mRNA

9
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What enzyme is used for transcription?

RNA polymerase

10
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Eukaryotic mRNA has non-coding sequences called _______ that are spliced out before the RNA leaves the nucleus.

introns

11
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Transcription occurs in the _________ of prokaryotes and the __________ of eukaryotes.

cytoplasm/nucleus

12
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What type of RNA makes up a portion of the ribosome?

rRNA

13
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What type of RNA is used to bring amino acids to a growing protein chain?

tRNA

14
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What direction is RNA made?

5' to 3'

15
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What is the anticodon sequence of a tRNA molecule for the mRNA codon UCA?

AGU

16
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The fact that more than one codon can code for a single amino acid is referred to __________ in the genetic code.

redundancy

17
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What type of bond joins amino acids to a growing protein chain?

peptide bond

18
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What type of codon ends translation once it is positioned in the ribosome's A site?

stop codon

19
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The start codon AUG codes for _________ in prokaryotes.

formyl methionine

20
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The start codon AUG codes for _________ in eukaryotes.

methionine

21
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<p>Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?</p>

Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?

UGG

<p>UGG</p>
22
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<p>How many codon sequences code for the amino acid serine? (Be very careful--look at all of the columns)</p>

How many codon sequences code for the amino acid serine? (Be very careful--look at all of the columns)

6

<p>6</p>
23
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<p>Translate the mRNA sequence ACA CAG AUG GUG CCC</p>

Translate the mRNA sequence ACA CAG AUG GUG CCC

threonine-glutamine-methionine-valine-proline

<p>threonine-glutamine-methionine-valine-proline</p>
24
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Sometimes during DNA replication, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence occurs; this is called a mutation. There are several reasons why mutations occur. In certain instances, a chemical called _______ increases the mutation rate.

a mutagen

25
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There are two main types of mutations: base-substitution and frameshift mutations. Match the type of base substitution mutation located in the left-hand side column with the result of that mutation.

- missense mutation: a change in the wild type amino acid to a different amino acid
- silent mutation: no change in the amino acid sequence
- nonsense: premature stop codon introduced

26
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If a nucleotide is inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, the resulting mutation is known as a _________________ mutation.

frameshift

27
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Thymine dimer mutations cause by ultraviolet light can be repaired using ___________.

photolyases and excision-repair enzymes

28
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Mismatch-repair enzymes cannot repair a DNA mutation once it becomes ______________.

methylated