GRC 318

Em

same size as the unit of type being set

horizontal spacing of type is based in Ems

the earliest dated printed book (AD 368)

Diamond Sutra

Leading

measure from the baseline of one line of type to the baseline of the line that precedes it

Kerning

horizontal spacing between pairs of letters

Tracking

space between a range of letters

Digital Fonts

divided into 1,000 relative units

Phototypesetting Typography

brought relative measurements and the ability to kern letters into neighboring bounding boxes

Bounding Box

A border that displays around the edges of a letter

Point size

the height of the bounding box

Absolute measurement

measurements we know (feet, inches, points, picas)

Relative measurement

have no fixed value, fundamental unit the em

Em dash

used during a pause in thought or parenthetical sentence

En dash

used to denote duration

Text dominated layouts require _________ grids?

simpler

use grids to

find placement and organization of white space text/images

Paragraph Styles

A style in which the formats are applied instantly to all text in the paragraph where the insertion point is located, whether or not text is selected.

Character Styles

A style that is applied to individual characters or words that users have selected.

the smaller the heading

the more leading is needed

Old style

always have bracketed serifs (connected with a curve)

Diagonal Stress (as if drawn with a pen)

Modern

Horizontal serifs that connect with a 90 degree angle

radical thicks and thins (handwritten quality gone)

vertical stress

ex. times new roman

Slab Serif

thick, fat, horizontal serifs

little to no thicks and thins

Sans Serif

no serifs

minimal thicks and thins

reasonably legible

script

designed to imitate handwriting and calligraphy

Blackletter

referred to as gothic and old letter

classic newspaper logo, juicy couture

never use in all caps

use sparingly/for effect

Decorative

Any typeface that is festive or decorative. For use in headlines and at larger sizes.

Ascender

the part of the lowercase letters b, d, f, h, k, l and t that extends above the x-height

Bar/Cross bar

the horizontal stroke across the middle of uppercase A and H

Baseline

the implied line upon which the character sit

Bowl

the rounded part of the letterform

Cap line

The imaginary horizontal line resting upon the tops of the capital letters

Counter

the interior "negative" space of the letter

Descender

The portion of the lowercase characters g, j, p, q and y that projects below the baseline

Descender line

The invisible line marking the lowest point of the descenders within front

Median line (mean line)

imaginary line defining the x-height

Serif

ends of a character's main strokes, where the stroke appears to flare out

Stem

The main part of the letterform that is straight

Stress

the orientation of the letterform's curved strokes. from thin to thick

X-height

The height of the main body of the lowercase characters. The letter x is chosen because the letter's strokes end at — rather than overshoot — this line of measurement.

Start with a good font

choose a typeface other than the default

choose a point size and leading that is not default

body copy should be smaller than default and leading should exceed the default

Family planning...choose the right family for the job

if the project calls for different weights etc., choose a font that has the different styles

Typeface Family

same as font family

never use the "skew" feature/false italic

never stretch & squeeze type

Use typographers quotes (smart quotes)

do not use primes

Use small caps or none at all

don't fake it

look at open type > [ ] = not available

Space between paragraphs or indent paragraphs

good starting point for indents = 1-1.5 ems

use "space after" in paragraph style to set a space after each paragraph

Set the right line length

50-70 characters per line

Set the right leading

pt size > leading (negative leading)

pt size = leading (type set solid)

pt size < leading (type set w/default leading)

Use the appropriate dashes

hyphen, en dash, em dash

Hyphen

used for compound modifiers or to tie prefixes to proper adjectives such as pre-victorian

Don't justify narrow columns

if you have narrow columns or short lines of text, set them ragged - right

don't set them justified

widows

Words or single lines of text that become separated from the other lines in a paragraph and are left alone at the top of a page

orphan

The first line of a paragraph that appears alone at the bottom of a page.

runt

the last line of a paragraph that ends with a short word or hyphenated syllable

balanced ragged lines

don't use for body text

good for headings, subheadings, captions

paragraph style > indents > BLR

Column Break

Used to end a column of text. Text after the break is moved into the next column

hidden character = v

^

non breaking space

>>

tab

downwards ^

column break

Paragraph return

backwards p

forced line break

hidden character

Right Indent tab

hidden character

#

end of story

anchored or inline object

hidden character

yellow square around text box

adjusts the corners (rounded, etc.)

blue square around text box

anchor object

anchored objects are

images or text boxes that are attached to a specific text

Inline anchor option

aligns the anchored object with the baseline of the insertion point

can use the y offset to position the object above or below the baseline

Above line

places the anchored object above the line with different choices of alignment

Custom

Places the anchored object in the position that you define

Justification

creates columns that are even on both sides

gives a formal and structures look to the design

Do not justify

headings, subheadings, bylines, captions, pull quotes, footnotes, bibliographies, or indexes

Justification settings are applied as a part of

paragraph style (justification settings)

allow a small variation of how much in letter spacing and glyph scaling g

+/- 2

A good starting point with word spacing is

100%

H&J violations

hyphenation and justification violations, highlights text, identifying your hyphenation and justification problems

the more yellow it is, the more problems/uglier/hard to read

Default leading in InDesign

120% of the point size of the type

Text wrap is a way to control

the flow of text around objects

No text wrapping

text will be displayed on top of or under the object

Wrap around bounding box

creates a box, regardless of the shape of the selected object

Jump Object

Forces the text above and below of the object's text wrap boundary to the area above and below the boundary

Jump to next column

moves text from beside or below the object to the top of the next column or text frame

72 points = ____ inches

1 inch

moveable type

blocks of metal/wood each contain a character (foundry type)

scribe

prior to moveable type, spent years making copies (all their lives)

nick

orients type (eg b/p)

linotype/monotype

hot metal type, spit out lines/pages of type as if set by hand, then melted and reused

typewriter

monospaced, three spaces of indents, hard returns

Phototypesetting

photograph images of type, introduced relative measurements (way lesss)

master page item

outline of frame will be dotted

the larger the type face

the less leading is needed

the smaller the typeface

the more leading is needed

more text

simpler grid

more images

more complex grid

hard return vs soft return

hard after every para, sub/heading, soft for runts/orphans/widows

Proper bleed value

1/8 of an inch (0.125 in)

Wrap around object shape

creates a text wrap boundary as the selected object

If text wrap is not working

check if the image has been flipped or rotated

ignore text wrap is selected

the text wrap layer has been applied to layer preference or incompatible selection option

avoid text wraps in a

single column

To see the areas with missing fonts make sure you are in normal view and look for the

pink highlighting

How to replace font

use the find/replace tool

press find first

press change to replace the font and check the redefine style checkbox to make it easier to change all errors

Be brief and concise

one page

short and to the point works best

first reading of a resume takes 5-10 seconds (succinct is key)