The Structure of the Cell

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts about the structure and functions of cells.

What is the smallest unit of living organisms?

Cell

What does the cell theory state about cells?

Cells are the smallest functioning unit of living things, all cells come from pre-existing cells, all cells have genetic materials, and all living beings are made of one or more cells.

What type of DNA do prokaryotes typically have?

Circular DNA.

What is a common characteristic of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

All have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleic acid (RNA/DNA), and ribosomes.

What defines the selective permeability of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane only allows some substances to enter the cell.

What is the structure of the cell membrane primarily composed of?

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

What are two main types of proteins found in the cell membrane?

Peripheral proteins and integral proteins.

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

Regulates growth, differentiation, division, and reproduction.

What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do?

Transports substances inside the cell.

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins for secretion.

What is a lysosome and its function?

Contains enzymes for intracellular digestion.

What is the primary energy-producing organelle in a cell?

Mitochondria.

What pigment is responsible for a plant's photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll in chloroplasts.

What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton?

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

What are plastids and where are they found?

Organelles only found in plant cells, responsible for photosynthesis and storage.