AP Bio Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration (Unit 3)

What do Oxidation-Reduction reactions require?

Simultaneous reduction and oxidation of two reactions.

What do Oxidized molecules do?

Lose/give up electrons

How can you identify an oxidized compound?

Gain of atoms like hydrogen or carbon

What is Reduction?

Reduced molecules will gain/receive electrons.

How can you identify a reduced compound?

Loss of atoms like hydrogen or carbon

What are Electron Carriers?

Molecules that can be both oxidized and reduced

What do Electron Carriers do?

Shuttle high energy electrons from the light dependent reactions to the light independent ones.

What happens as wavelength gets bigger?

The amount of energy in the light decreases

What does the Thylakoid membrane contain?

Photostem proteins, ATP Synthase, Thylakoids

Where do Light Dependent Reactions occur?

In the Thylakoid Membrane

What is the order of events in the Light Dependent reactions?

ETC, Photolysis, Chemiosmosis

What happens in Photolysis?

What is struck by a photon of light and broken into O2 and H+ ions and electrons. O2 released as a waste product.

What happens in Chemiosmosis?

ETC generated H+ ions across the Thylakoid Membrane, H+ ions diffuse through a channel in ATP Synthase, energy of diffusion allows ATP synthase to phosphorylate. Add a phosphate to ADP it becomes ATP

Where do Light Independent Reactions take place?

In the Stroma

What are the inputs of the Light Independent Reaction?

NADPH, CO2, ATP

What are the outputs of Light Independent Reactions?

NADP+, Glucose, ADP

What happens to NADPH and ATP in the Light Independent Reaction?

They are oxidized, and the energy released from this oxidation is used by the enzyme RuBisCo to reduce and fix inorganic carbon from Co2 into an organic form in Glucose.

What happens after NADPH and ATP are oxidized?

NADP+ and ADP are recycled back to the Calvin Cycle because it must occur TWICE to produce one glucose molecule.

What is cellular Respiration?

Process that organisms use to convert chemical energy stored in glucose into usable chemical energy in ATP. In ALL living organisms.

What are the two types of Cell Respiration?

Aerobic and Anaerobic

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

Respiration that does not require oxygen to occur in cells. AKA fermentation.

What is the main point of Anaerobic Respiration?

To regenerate the electron carrier NAD+ for use in glycolysis.

What is Aerobic Respiration?

Respiration that requires oxygen to occur in cells

What is the main purpose of Aerobic Respiration?

To generate ATP for use in cellular processes that maintain homeostasis.

What is Glycolysis?

A set of anaerobic chemical reactions that occur in the cytoplasm to oxidize glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules. Produces 2 ATP.

Is it true that Glycolysis must occur before any type of respiration can happen?

Yes

What is Pyruvate?

The precursor for both AE and AN respiration

What is the equation for Aerobic Respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2——>6CO2 + 6H2O

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Where is the ETC?

It occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane

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What is Oxidative Efficiency?

Cells are not 100% efficient at capturing all of the energy released from oxidation of NADH during the ETC.

What happens to energy that is not captured by Oxidative Efficiency?

It is given off as heat.