Kaiser 2011 & Morgan 2003

Vaupel

________: argues that our lifespans will stay the same in the future.

Biological predispositions

________ reinforce the desire for parenthood.

Olshansky

________: argues that our lifespans will decrease in the future.

Low fertility

________: causes rapidly aging populations.

TFR

________: results from the populations intended family size x set of factors reflecting unanticipated effects.

Total fertility rate

________: is declining below replacement levels.

Bumpass

________: increased costs of children + idea that individuals should assess these costs and act in their self- interest.

Demographers

say that womens lack of contraception keeps fertility high

Important factors to consider

cultural taboos and fears of side effects (could be addressed only by intense public education campaigns

Economists

say that family planning programs are a waste of money because fertility really depends on desired family size

Strongest predictors of a womans desired family size

income, education level, infants chances of surviving

Vaupel

argues that our lifespans will stay the same in the future

Olshansky

argues that our lifespans will decrease in the future

Total fertility rate

is declining below replacement levels

Problem

dramatic population aging

Bumpass

increased costs of children + idea that individuals should assess these costs and act in their self-interest

Campbell + Ryder

very low fertility is not inevitable

First children

desired for affective reasons

Second children

for family building

Higher order births

economic functions

TFR

results from the populations intended family size x set of factors reflecting unanticipated effects

Delayed childbearing

can lead to women not having all the children they intend

Low fertility

causes rapidly aging populations